Signaling mechanism to enable local operation for multi-antenna wireless communication systems

ABSTRACT

An apparatus capable of self-calibration in a low-interference environment is desired. In an aspect, the apparatus may be a user equipment (UE) or a neighboring base station. The device receives, from a base station, a self-calibration notification indicating one or more resources allocated for a self-calibration of the base station. The device performs, in response to the self-calibration notification, at least one of deactivating at least one component of the device based on the one or more allocated resources or adjusting utilization of the one or more allocated resources allocated for the self-calibration of the base station.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 62/383,099, entitled “SIGNALING MECHANISM TO ENABLE SELF-CALIBRATIONFOR MILLIMETER-WAVE COMMUNICATION” and filed on Sep. 2, 2016, which isexpressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Field

The present disclosure relates generally to multi-antenna wirelesscommunication systems, and more particularly, to a calibration of a userequipment and/or a base station.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of suchmultiple-access technologies include code division multiple access(CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency divisionmultiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous codedivision multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standardis Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is a set of enhancements to theUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standardpromulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE isdesigned to support mobile broadband access through improved spectralefficiency, lowered costs, and improved services using OFDMA on thedownlink, SC-FDMA on the uplink, and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) antenna technology. However, as the demand for mobile broadbandaccess continues to increase, there exists a need for furtherimprovements in LTE technology. These improvements may also beapplicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunicationstandards that employ these technologies.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

A user equipment (UE) may perform a local operation that is local to theUE and/or a base station may perform a local operation that is local tothe base station. One way to perform a local operation such asover-the-air self-calibration is to transmit a predefined referencesignal from certain antenna elements and to perform the local operationbased on measurements based on the transmitted signal. In order toperform the local operation accurately, the propagation of the referencesignal from the transmit antenna elements to the receive antennaelements should not be affected by interference from other UEs and/orbase stations. Additionally, transmission of the reference signal forthe local operation may create undesirable interference to UEs and/orbase stations in the vicinity. Therefore, coordination between a UE anda base station may be desirable to minimize interference or otherundesirable effects during a local operation of a UE or a base station.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium,and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a device. The devicemay be a UE or a neighboring base station. The device receives, from abase station, a self-calibration notification indicating one or moreresources allocated for a self-calibration of the base station. Thedevice performs, in response to the self-calibration notification, atleast one of deactivating at least one component of the device based onthe one or more allocated resources or adjusting utilization of the oneor more allocated resources allocated for the self-calibration of thebase station.

In an aspect, the apparatus may be a device. The device may be a UE or aneighboring base station. The device may include means for receiving,from a base station, a self-calibration notification indicating one ormore resources allocated for a self-calibration of the base station, andmeans for performing, in response to the self-calibration notification,at least one of deactivating at least one component of the device basedon the one or more allocated resources or adjusting utilization of theone or more allocated resources allocated for the self-calibration ofthe base station.

In an aspect, the apparatus may be a device including a memory and atleast one processor coupled to the memory. The device may be a UE or aneighboring base station. The at least one processor may be configuredto: receive, from a base station, a self-calibration notificationindicating one or more resources allocated for a self-calibration of thebase station, and perform, in response to the self-calibrationnotification, at least one of deactivating at least one component of thedevice based on the allocated one or more resources or refraining fromutilizing the one or more resources allocated for the self-calibrationof the base station.

In an aspect, a computer-readable medium storing computer executablecode for a device, may include code to: receive, from a base station, aself-calibration notification indicating one or more resources allocatedfor a self-calibration of the base station, and perform, in response tothe self-calibration notification, at least one of deactivating at leastone component of the device based on the one or more allocated resourcesor adjusting utilization of the one or more allocated resourcesallocated for the self-calibration of the base station.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium,and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a base station. Thebase station allocates one or more resources for self-calibration of thebase station. The base station transmits, to one or more devices, aself-calibration notification indicating the allocated one or moreresources, the one or more devices including at least one UE, or atleast one neighboring base station, or a combination thereof. The basestation performs the self-calibration of the base station based on theallocated one or more resources.

In an aspect, the apparatus may be a base station. The base station mayinclude means for allocating one or more resources for self-calibrationof the base station, means for transmitting, to one or more devices, aself-calibration notification indicating the allocated one or moreresources, the one or more devices including at least one UE, or atleast one neighboring base station, or a combination thereof, and meansfor performing the self-calibration of the base station based on theallocated one or more resources.

In an aspect, the apparatus may be a base station including a memory andat least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processormay be configured to: allocate one or more resources forself-calibration of the base station, transmit, to one or more devices,a self-calibration notification indicating the allocated one or moreresources, the one or more devices including at least one UE, or atleast one neighboring base station, or a combination thereof, andperform the self-calibration of the base station based on the allocatedone or more resources.

In an aspect, a computer-readable medium storing computer executablecode for a base station, may include code to: allocate one or moreresources for self-calibration of the base station, transmit, to one ormore devices, a self-calibration notification indicating the allocatedone or more resources, the one or more devices including at least oneUE, or at least one neighboring base station, or a combination thereof,and perform the self-calibration of the base station based on theallocated one or more resources.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D are diagrams illustrating LTE examples of a DLframe structure, DL channels within the DL frame structure, an UL framestructure, and UL channels within the UL frame structure, respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an evolved Node B (eNB)and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are example diagrams illustrating the base stationsweeping in multiple directions in a first symbol and a second symbol,respectively.

FIG. 5 is an example diagram illustrating local operations of one ormore user equipments by coordination between a base station and the oneor more user equipments, according to an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram illustrating grouping of multiple UEs forresource allocation, according to an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 is an example diagram illustrating grouping of multiple UEs forresource allocation when locations of user equipments are known,according to an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 8 is an example diagram illustrating resource allocation for UEsbased on interference zones, according to an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 9 is an example diagram illustrating self-calibration of a basestation by coordination between a base station and devices, according toan aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication, accordingto an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication, expandingfrom the flowchart of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication, accordingto an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication, accordingto an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication, expandingfrom the flowchart of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication, accordingto an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 18 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits,processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”).These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computersoftware, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements areimplemented as hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” thatincludes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs),central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors,systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gatedlogic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardwareconfigured to perform the various functionality described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system mayexecute software. Software shall be construed broadly to meaninstructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code,programs, subprograms, software components, applications, softwareapplications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whetherreferred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions describedmay be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded asone or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage mediamay be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise arandom-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic diskstorage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of theaforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other mediumthat can be used to store computer executable code in the form ofinstructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network 100. The wireless communications system(also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes basestations 102, UEs 104, and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160. The basestations 102 may include macro cells (high power cellular base station)and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). The macro cellsinclude eNBs. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, andmicrocells.

The base stations 102 (collectively referred to as Evolved UniversalMobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network(E-UTRAN)) interface with the EPC 160 through backhaul links 132 (e.g.,S1 interface). In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 mayperform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data,radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, headercompression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network(RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriberand equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging,positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 maycommunicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160) with eachother over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X 2 interface). The backhaul links134 may be wired or wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may havea coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or moremacro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell andmacro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneousnetwork may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which mayprovide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group(CSG). The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and theUEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link)transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL)(also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antennatechnology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmitdiversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers.The base stations 102/UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10,15, 20 MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation ofup to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission ineach direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL(e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). Thecomponent carriers may include a primary component carrier and one ormore secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may bereferred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carriermay be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi accesspoint (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 viacommunication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. Whencommunicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152/AP 150may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating inorder to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensedfrequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum,the small cell 102′ may employ LTE and use the same 5 GHz unlicensedfrequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102′,employing LTE in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage toand/or increase capacity of the access network. LTE in an unlicensedspectrum may be referred to as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U), licensed assistedaccess (LAA), or MuLTEfire.

The millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 may operate in mmWfrequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in theelectromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and awavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in theband may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend downto a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The superhigh frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, alsoreferred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW/near mmWradio frequency band has extremely high path loss and a short range. ThemmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 184 with the UE 182 tocompensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.

The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, otherMMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC)170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be incommunication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 isthe control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 andthe EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connectionmanagement. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferredthrough the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDNGateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation aswell as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 areconnected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include theInternet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS StreamingService (PSS), and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may providefunctions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, maybe used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a publicland mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMStransmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMStraffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast BroadcastSingle Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service,and may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and forcollecting eMBMS related charging information.

The base station may also be referred to as a Node B, evolved Node B(eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio basestation, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic serviceset (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), or some other suitableterminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC160 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system,a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearabledevice, or any other similar functioning device. The UE 104 may also bereferred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, amobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobiledevice, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remotedevice, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobileterminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a useragent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104/eNB 102 may beconfigured to coordinate with each other to allocate resources andperform self-calibration using the allocated resources to minimizeinterference during a calibration process of the UE 104 and/or the eNB102 (198).

FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a DL frame structurein LTE. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of channelswithin the DL frame structure in LTE. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250illustrating an example of an UL frame structure in LTE. FIG. 2D is adiagram 280 illustrating an example of channels within the UL framestructure in LTE. Other wireless communication technologies may have adifferent frame structure and/or different channels. In LTE, a frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes. Each subframe mayinclude two consecutive time slots. A resource grid may be used torepresent the two time slots, each time slot including one or more timeconcurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs(PRBs)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements(REs). In LTE, for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols (for DL,OFDM symbols; for UL, SC-FDMA symbols) in the time domain, for a totalof 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in thetime domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by eachRE depends on the modulation scheme.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry DL reference (pilot)signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The DL-RS may includecell-specific reference signals (CRS) (also sometimes called common RS),UE-specific reference signals (UE-RS), and channel state informationreference signals (CSI-RS). FIG. 2A illustrates CRS for antenna ports 0,1, 2, and 3 (indicated as R₀, R₁, R₂, and R₃, respectively), UE-RS forantenna port 5 (indicated as R₅), and CSI-RS for antenna port 15(indicated as R). FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various channelswithin a DL subframe of a frame. The physical control format indicatorchannel (PCFICH) is within symbol 0 of slot 0, and carries a controlformat indicator (CFI) that indicates whether the physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) occupies 1, 2, or 3 symbols (FIG. 2B illustratesa PDCCH that occupies 3 symbols). The PDCCH carries downlink controlinformation (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs),each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including fourconsecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. A UE may be configured with aUE-specific enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) that also carries DCI. The ePDCCHmay have 2, 4, or 8 RB pairs (FIG. 2B shows two RB pairs, each subsetincluding one RB pair). The physical hybrid automatic repeat request(ARQ) (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) is also within symbol 0 of slot 0and carries the HARQ indicator (HI) that indicates HARQ acknowledgement(ACK)/negative ACK (NACK) feedback based on the physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH). The primary synchronization channel (PSCH) is withinsymbol 6 of slot 0 within subframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries aprimary synchronization signal (PSS) that is used by a UE to determinesubframe timing and a physical layer identity. The secondarysynchronization channel (SSCH) is within symbol 5 of slot 0 withinsubframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries a secondary synchronizationsignal (SSS) that is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cellidentity group number. Based on the physical layer identity and thephysical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine aphysical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determinethe locations of the aforementioned DL-RS. The physical broadcastchannel (PBCH) is within symbols 0, 1, 2, 3 of slot 1 of subframe 0 of aframe, and carries a master information block (MIB). The MIB provides anumber of RBs in the DL system bandwidth, a PHICH configuration, and asystem frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted throughthe PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry demodulation referencesignals (DM-RS) for channel estimation at the eNB. The UE mayadditionally transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) in the lastsymbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE maytransmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by an eNB forchannel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling onthe UL. FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various channels within an ULsubframe of a frame. A physical random access channel (PRACH) may bewithin one or more subframes within a frame based on the PRACHconfiguration. The PRACH may include six consecutive RB pairs within asubframe. The PRACH allows the UE to perform initial system access andachieve UL synchronization. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)may be located on edges of the UL system bandwidth. The PUCCH carriesuplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channelquality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rankindicator (RI), and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, andmay additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a powerheadroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an eNB 310 in communication with a UE 350in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may beprovided to a controller/processor 375. The controller/processor 375implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radioresource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet dataconvergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, anda medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 375provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of systeminformation (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRCconnection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connectionmodification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology(RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrityprotection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLClayer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packetdata units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation,segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs),re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks(TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logicalchannel prioritization.

The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer,may include error detection on the transport channels, forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels,interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels,modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antennaprocessing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signalconstellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binaryphase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK),M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier,multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/orfrequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a timedomain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded toproduce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channelestimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme,as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derivedfrom a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted bythe UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a differentantenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX maymodulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream fortransmission.

At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through itsrespective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers informationmodulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive(RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatialprocessing on the information to recover any spatial streams destinedfor the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350,they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbolstream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream fromthe time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbolstream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on eachsubcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated bydetermining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted bythe eNB 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimatescomputed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are thendecoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals thatwere originally transmitted by the eNB 310 on the physical channel. Thedata and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

The controller/processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 359provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signalprocessing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DLtransmission by the eNB 310, the controller/processor 359 provides RRClayer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs)acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layerfunctionality associated with header compression/decompression, andsecurity (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrityverification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer ofupper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation,segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC dataPDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionalityassociated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs,scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ,priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the eNB 310 may be used by the TXprocessor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes,and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated bythe TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 viaseparate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RFcarrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

The UL transmission is processed at the eNB 310 in a manner similar tothat described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350.Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RFcarrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

The controller/processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 375provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from thecontroller/processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Wireless communication systems employing narrow bandwidths and highfrequency carriers are being deployed. For example, an mmW system may beutilized for wireless communication at a high transmission frequency. InmmW systems, when the carrier frequency is high (e.g., 28 GHz), pathloss may be high. For example, the carrier frequency for mmWcommunication may be 10 times higher than a carrier frequency for othertypes of wireless communication. Thus, the mmW system may experiencepath loss that is approximately 20 dB higher than other types ofwireless communication cases operating at lower frequencies. To mitigatethe higher path loss in mmW systems, a base station may perform atransmission in a directional manner by beam-forming the transmission inorder to focus the transmission in one or more particular directions.

If the carrier frequency for wireless communication is a higherfrequency, the wavelength of the carrier is shorter. A shorterwavelength may allow a higher number of antennas to be implementedwithin a given antenna array length than a number of antennas that canbe implemented within the given antenna array length when a lowercarrier frequency is used. Therefore, in the mmW system (using a highercarrier frequency), a higher number of antennas may be used in a basestation and/or a UE. For example, the base station may have 128 or 256antennas and the UE may have 8, 16 or 24 antennas. With the highernumber of antennas, a beam-forming technique may be used to digitallychange the direction of a beam by applying various phases to differentantennas. Because beam-forming in the mmW system may provide a narrowerbeam with increased gain at the receiver, the base station may utilizethe narrow beam feature to transmit a synchronization signal in variousdirections using multiple narrow beams so as to provide coverage over awider area.

Due to the directional nature of a beam-formed beam, for a UE to obtaina desirable gain in the mmW system, the base station may need to pointthe beam directly at a UE such that the direction of the beam alignswith the location of the UE, in order for the UE to have an acceptablesignal strength (e.g., SNR, gain). If the direction of the beam is notproperly aligned with the location of the UE, the antenna gain at the UEmay be undesirably low (e.g., resulting in low SNR, high block errorrates, etc.). Further, when a particular UE enters the mmW system (e.g.,by entering a coverage area of the mmW system or by being activated) andreceives transmitted data from the base station over the mmW system, thebase station should be able to determine the best beam(s) (e.g., beam(s)with high SNR/gain and/or low block error rate) for mmW communicationwith the particular UE. Thus, the base station may use all availablebeams to transmit beam reference signals (BRSs) in all available beamdirections so that the UE may identify the best beam out of the beamsreceived from the base station based on measurements of the BRSs. In themmW communication system, using each beam, the base station may alsotransmit a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS), an extended synchronization signal (ESS),and PBCH signals for synchronization and for broadcasting systeminformation. In the mmW communication system, such signals may betransmitted directionally using multiple beams in multiple directions toprovide a wider coverage area.

If there are multiple antenna ports (multiple sets of antennas) in thebase station, the base station may transmit multiple beams per symbol.For example, the base station may use multiple antenna ports in a cellspecific manner in a first symbol of a synchronization sub-frame tosweep in multiple directions. The base station may then sweep inmultiple directions using the multiple antenna ports in a cell specificmanner in another symbol of the synchronization sub-frame. Each antennaport may include a set of antennas. For example, an antenna portincluding a set of antennas (e.g., 64 antennas) may transmit one beam,and multiple antenna ports may transmit multiple beams, each in adifferent direction. Thus, if there are four antenna ports, the fourantenna ports may sweep through four directions (e.g., transmit fourbeams, each in a different direction). FIGS. 4A and 4B are examplediagrams illustrating the base station sweeping in multiple directionsin a first symbol and a second symbol, respectively. As shown in FIGS.4A and 4B, the base station may sweep in different directions in eachsymbol, e.g., the angular/directional range of the beams in FIG. 4A isdifferent from the angular/directional range of the beams in FIG. 4B.FIG. 4A is an example diagram 400 illustrating transmission of beams ina first symbol. A base station 402 in this example has four antennaports, and thus may transmit four beams 412, 414, 416, and 418 in fourdifferent directions in the first symbol (e.g., each beam beingtransmitted in a different direction). FIG. 4B is an example diagram 450illustrating transmission of beams in a second symbol. Since the basestation 402 has four antenna ports, four beams 462, 464, 466, and 468may be transmitted in four different directions in the second symbol(e.g., each beam being transmitted in a different direction). In oneaspect, the beams transmitted by the base station during the same symbolmay not be adjacent with each other.

In mmW communication, a signal communicated via beamforming by a basestation and/or a UE should be within a certain accuracy. Otherwise, acalibration may be performed to achieve the certain accuracy. Forexample, UEs and/or customer premises equipments (CPEs) may supporthybrid beamforming using dynamically-configurable analog RF chains anddigital antenna ports. Within a single device, there may be a largenumber of RF components (e.g., antenna elements, variable gainamplifiers (VGAs), phase shifters (PSs)), to support such a beamformingfeature. Thus, calibration of an amplitude and a phase for various RFcomponents may be desirable to maintain signal fidelity and reliability.However, a calibration procedure for a large number of components may bechallenging for various reasons, such as circuit complexity, added costof the components for calibration, and high time consumption forperforming the calibration procedure. Therefore, a calibration procedurewith reduced complexity, lower cost, and reduced time consumption isdesired.

In one example of a calibration method, an external test equipment maybe used to calibrate RX chain components, where the external testequipment may generate an external reference signal of a known amplitudeand a known phase that is input to the RX chain components. Measurementsof the external reference signal at various reference points in the RXchain components may be used to estimate amplitude errors and phaseerrors and to calibrate the receive chain components to within certainerror tolerances. As an alternative, an additional hardware component toperform calibration may be implemented within the UE, which may increasecost and complexity of the UE. Such techniques may have the followingdrawbacks. A setup for the external test equipment or the additionalhardware test component may be complex and expensive. A precise controlof movement of the probe used for measuring the reference signal may berequired. Further, the techniques may only support offline calibration,and may not support run-time calibration (e.g., to compensate for errorsdue to temperature variation).

In another example of a calibration method, additional hardwarecomponents (e.g. couplers at antenna ports) may be used to inject aportion of a TX signal back into an RX path. In particular, a referencesignal (e.g., a portion of the TX signal) generated in a TX baseband maybe looped back to an RX baseband (e.g., via coupling of the transmittedsignal from the transmit path to the receive path) to calibrate theoverall TX chain/RX chain. Such a method may have the followingdrawbacks. The method may require additional hardware components, whichmay increase cost and complexity. The additional hardware components maydegrade overall performance (e.g., by introducing additional sources oferror).

At least due to the drawbacks mentioned above, a calibration procedurethat does not make use of an external test equipment or an additionalhardware component may be desired. Thus, in an aspect, a UE or a CPE mayperform a calibration based on a self-calibration approach, where the UEor the CPE generates and transmit a reference signal using an existingTX chain and measures certain parameters of the transmitted referencesignal using one or more RX chains. The self-calibration approach maynot require an external test equipment or an additional hardwarecomponent. Additionally, the UE or the CPE may perform theself-calibration autonomously. Thus, the self-calibration may not havethe drawbacks of a calibration approach utilizing an external testequipment or an additional hardware component. Further, theself-calibration may be performed in a run-time mode, e.g., whileoperating the UE or the CPE.

For gain calibration, a TX chain may produce a signal with high gainfidelity. One region of operation where output power of apower-amplifier (PA) is consistent across various temperatures andprocess variations may be at a saturated output power (PSAT) level wherethe PA is driven into saturation. To perform a self-calibration at PSAT,the UE may transmit at a high signal level with high power. However,transmitting at the high signal level may cause unwanted interference toa base station and possibly to other neighboring UEs or base stations ifthe UE performs self-calibration without coordinating with the basestation (e.g., the serving base station of the UE).

In addition, during calibration, the UE may not utilize beamforming in aparticular direction (e.g. toward a serving base station of the UE). TheUE may not utilize such beamforming during calibration for severalreasons. During a calibration, beamforming by the UE may not be feasiblebecause the UE may actively transmit using a single TX antenna element(or a small number of TX antenna elements) instead of using all TXantenna elements, to reduce calibration complexity introduced bymultiple TX components. To ensure that the coupling of the transmittedbeam with an adjacent RX chain provides sufficient signal strength, thetransmitted beam may need to provide wide coverage.

At least for the reasons discussed above, transmitting a referencesignal using a TX chain to perform self-calibration may causeinterference over a wider spatial area in the vicinity of the UE.Therefore, coordination between a UE and a base station (e.g., theserving base station) may be needed to reduce interference and/or otherundesirable effects due to self-calibration.

Additionally, in mmW communication, transmitting a signal through livinghuman tissue should be avoided because, for example, radiation from thetransmission may be harmful to the human tissue. For example, if a useris holding a UE with a hand and the hand is in an uplink transmissionpath of the UE, the UE should avoid transmitting a signal via the uplinktransmission path or at least should reduce the transmit power, suchthat no harm or reduced harm is done to the human tissue of the hand.However, if an object in the uplink transmission path is not composed ofliving human tissue, then transmission via the uplink transmission pathmay not have a harmful effect and thus the UE may not reduce signalstrength of the UE transmission via the uplink transmission path. Inorder to determine whether an object is present on an uplinktransmission path of the UE and/or to determine what type of object ispresent on the uplink transmission path of the UE, coordination betweena UE and a base station (e.g., serving base station) may be desired.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, resources may be allocated bythe base station for one or more local operations of one or more UEs,such that reduced interference may be experienced on the allocatedresources during the one or more local operations. A local operation maybe an operation that is performed by a UE and is local to the UE,without involving communication with another network entity (e.g., abase station or another UE). The local operation may be self-calibrationof the UE and/or transmission blockage detection. In one aspect of thedisclosure, a UE (or a CPE) notifies a base station serving the UE thatthe UE will perform a local operation by transmitting a local operationnotification to the base station. The local operation notification mayindicate a local operation to be performed by the UE. The localoperation notification may be transmitted via at least one of a MACcontrol element or physical layer signaling (e.g., layer-1 signaling).In response to the local operation notification, the base station mayallocate resources for the local operation. The allocated resources maybe uplink resources. The base station may allocate the resources for thelocal operation by clearing out (e.g., freeing up) the resourcesallocated to the UE for the local operation. In an aspect, the basestation may clear out resources for the local operation of the UE byallocating the resources to the UE for the local operation and notallocating the same resources to any other UE for other purposes (e.g.,during the local operation). Because the allocated resources are clearedout for the local operation of the UE, the UE may perform the localoperation using the allocated resources with reduced interference on theallocated resources from other UEs. After allocating the resources forlocal operation, the base station may send a resource indicatorindicating the allocated resources to the UE. In an aspect, the resourceindicator may be sent in a grant of the allocated resources. The basestation may send the resource indicator via a control channel such as aPDCCH.

When the UE receives the resource indicator of the allocated resources,the UE may utilize the allocated resources to perform the localoperation based on the resource indicator. In particular, the UE mayperform an uplink transmission (e.g., using a TX chain) of a referencesignal using the allocated resources indicated in the resourceindicator. Subsequently, the UE may determine certain parameters basedon the transmitted reference signal, and perform the local operationbased on the determined parameters. In an aspect, the reference signalmay include at least one of a demodulation reference signal, a soundingreference signal, or a newly-defined local operation reference signalthat may be used for the local operation. The UE may transmit thereference signal via an uplink communication channel, such as a PUCCH, aPUSCH, a sounding reference signal channel, or a RACH. For example, if ademodulation reference signal is used as a the reference signal, thereference signal may be sent via PUCCH and/or PUSCH. For example, if asounding reference signal is used as the reference signal, the referencesignal may be sent via a sounding reference signal channel. For example,if a newly-defined reference signal is used as the reference signal, thereference signal may be sent via RACH signaling on the RACH.

In one aspect of the disclosure, the local operation may beself-calibration of a UE, and thus the local operation notification maybe a self-calibration notification. In an aspect, a UE (or a CPE)notifies a base station serving the UE that the UE wants to perform aself-calibration by transmitting a self-calibration notification to thebase station. The self-calibration notification may indicate aself-calibration to be performed by the UE. The self-calibrationnotification may be transmitted via at least one of a MAC controlelement or physical layer signaling (e.g., layer-1 signaling). Inresponse to the self-calibration notification, the base station mayallocate resources for the self-calibration. The base station mayallocate the resources for the self-calibration by clearing out (e.g.,freeing up) the resources allocated to the UE for self-calibration. Inan aspect, the base station may clear out resources for self-calibrationof the UE by allocating the resources to the UE for self-calibration andnot allocating the same resources to any other UE for other purposes(e.g., during the calibration procedure). Because the allocatedresources are cleared out for self-calibration of the UE, the UE mayperform self-calibration using the allocated resources with reducedinterference on the allocated resources from other UEs. After allocatingthe resources for self-calibration, the base station sends a resourceindicator indicating the allocated resources to the UE. The resourceindicator may be sent in a grant of the allocated resources. In anaspect, the base station may send the resource indicator via a controlchannel such as a PDCCH. When the UE receives the resource indicator ofthe allocated resources, the UE may utilize the allocated resources toperform a self-calibration based on the resource indicator. Inparticular, to perform the self-calibration, the UE may transmit (e.g.,via a TX chain) a reference signal using the allocated resourcesindicated in the resource indicator. Subsequently, the UE may measurecertain parameters of the transmitted reference signal received by theRX chain. In an aspect, the UE may measure the parameters of thereference signal on frequencies corresponding to the allocatedresources.

In an aspect, the UE may perform the self-calibration based on themeasured parameters of the reference signal (e.g., reference signalreceived by the RX chain) and based on standard parameters of thereference signal, where the standard parameters of the reference signalmay be ideal parameters of the reference signal without error orinterference. For example, during the self-calibration, the UE maycompare the measured parameters of the reference signal with thestandard parameters of the reference signal, and calibrate the UE basedon the comparison (e.g., by calibrating the UE such that the measuredparameters and the standard parameters are within a certain errortolerance). The parameters may include an amplitude and/or a phase.Thus, for example, the UE may measure an amplitude and a phase of thereference signal received by the RX chain while the reference signal isbeing transmitted by the TX chain, and compare the measured amplitudeand the measured phase of the reference signal with a standard amplitudeand a standard phase, respectively, to calibrate the UE. In an aspect,the base station may receive self-calibration notifications frommultiple UEs. The base station may consider various factors such asgeography, network topology, etc., e.g., to allocate resources based onrelative locations of UEs and the base station. In an aspect, thereference signal may include at least one of a demodulation referencesignal, a sounding reference signal, or a newly-defined calibrationreference signal that may be used for calibration.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a local operation of the UE may betransmission blockage detection, and thus a local operation notificationmay be a transmission blockage detection notification. In an aspect, aUE (or a CPE) notifies a base station serving the UE that the UE willperform transmission blockage detection by transmitting a transmissionblockage detection notification to the base station. The transmissionblockage detection notification may indicate a transmission blockagedetection to be performed by the UE. The transmission blockage detectionnotification may be transmitted via at least one of a MAC controlelement or physical layer signaling (e.g., layer-1 signaling). Inresponse to the transmission blockage detection notification, the basestation may allocate resources for the transmission blockage detection.The base station may allocate the resources for the transmissionblockage detection by clearing out (e.g., freeing up) the resourcesallocated to the UE for transmission blockage detection. In an aspect,the base station may clear out resources for transmission blockagedetection of the UE by allocating the resources to the UE fortransmission blockage detection and not allocating the same resources toany other UE for other purposes. Because the allocated resources arecleared out for transmission blockage detection of the UE, the UE mayperform transmission blockage detection using the allocated resourceswith reduced interference on the allocated resources from other UEs.After allocating the resources for transmission blockage detection, thebase station sends a resource indicator indicating the allocatedresources to the UE. The base station may send the resource indicatorvia a control channel such as a PDCCH.

When the UE receives the resource indicator of the allocated resources,the UE may utilize the allocated resources to perform a transmissionblockage detection based on the resource indicator. In particular, toperform the transmission blockage detection, the UE may transmit (e.g.,in the TX chain) a reference signal using the allocated resourcesindicated in the resource indicator. Subsequently, the UE may use the RXchain to receive a reflected signal of the transmitted reference signal,where the reflected signal is a result of the transmitted referencesignal being reflected by an object. In an aspect, the UE may be able todetermine that a received signal is a reflected signal of thetransmitted reference signal if the received signal is substantiallysame as the transmitted reference signal. In an aspect, the referencesignal may include at least one of a demodulation reference signal, asounding reference signal, or a newly-defined blockage detectionreference signal that may be used for transmission blockage detection.Based on the reflected signal, the UE may determine whether atransmission path is blocked by an object, and may determine a type ofobject blocking the transmission path if the transmission path isblocked. In particular, based on the reception of the reflected signal,the UE may determine a signal strength of the reflected signal and maydetermine a round-trip time of the reference signal, where theround-trip time is a time duration between a time that the referencesignal is transmitted and a time that the reflected signal is received.

In an aspect, based on the round-trip time, the UE may distinguish areflected signal of the transmitted reference signal from a measurementof the transmitted reference signal due to the coupling betweentransmission and reception. For example, there is little time delaybetween transmission of the reference signal and the measurement of thetransmitted reference signal due to the coupling, whereas the round-triptime between the transmission of the reference signal and reception ofthe reflected signal is much greater. The UE may perform initial testingto set an expected time delay due to the coupling. Thus, when the UEtransmits a reference signal and then measures a signal that issubstantially same as the transmitted reference signal, if the timedelay between transmission of the reference signal and the measurementof the signal is almost zero (e.g., less than or equal to the expectedtime delay due to the coupling) then the UE may determine that themeasured signal is the measurement from the transmitted reference signaldue to the coupling. On the other hand, if the time delay betweentransmission of the reference signal and the measurement of the signalis substantially greater than zero (e.g., greater than the expected timedelay due to the coupling), then the UE may determine that the measuredsignal is a reflected signal of the transmitted reference signal as aresult of reflection due to an object blocking the transmission path.

In an aspect, the UE may determine whether a transmission path isblocked by an object based on the signal strength of the reflectedsignal and/or the round-trip time of the reference signal. For example,the UE may determine that the transmission path is blocked by an objectif the signal strength of the reflected signal is above a signalreflection threshold. An object near the UE and in the transmission pathmay reflect the reference signal such that the UE may receive areflected signal with a higher signal strength. For example, the UE maydetermine that the transmission path is blocked if the round-trip timeof the reference signal is below a time threshold. A long round-triptime (e.g., a round-trip time above the time threshold) may imply thatan object in the transmission path of the reference signal is far fromthe UE and thus the object should not be considered as blocking thetransmission path. Therefore, if the UE determines a long round-triptime (e.g., above the time threshold), then the UE may determine thatthe transmission path is clear of objects.

In an aspect, if the UE determines that the transmission path is blockedby an object, the UE may determine a type of the object blocking thetransmission path based on the signal strength of the reflected signaland the round-trip time of the reference signal when the transmissionpath is blocked. For example, a signal reflected from human tissue maybe weaker than a signal reflected form a harder and/or denser object(e.g., a metal or a concrete type object) because human tissue mayreflect less signal energy than a harder and/or denser object. Forexample, the UE may determine the type of the object based on the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time because thesignal strength of the reflected signal may be higher when the object iscloser to the UE and thus the round-trip time is shorter, and when theobject is farther away from the UE, the signal strength is lower and theround trip time is longer. Thus, for example, if a ratio of the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time is greater thanan object type threshold, the UE may determine that the object type isnot human tissue but an object that is harder and/or denser and/or morereflective than human tissue. On the other hand, for example, if a ratioof the signal strength of the reflected signal and the round-trip timeis shorter than an object type threshold, the UE may determine that theobject type is human tissue.

When the UE determines that the transmission path is blocked by humantissue, the UE may refrain from transmitting a signal via thetransmission path or may reduce transmit power for transmission via thetransmission path. The transmission power of the UE should not exceed anemission requirement (e.g., requirement set by FCC) for transmissionwhen human tissue may be in the transmission path of the UE. For a 100GHz transmission frequency, the emission requirement may be 1 milliwattper cm² surface area and thus the transmission power of the UE shouldnot exceed 1 milliwatt per cm². If human tissue may be in thetransmission path of the UE and the transmission power (e.g., averagedover time) of the UE exceeds the emission requirement, then the UE maydetermine to reduce the transmit power to not exceed the emissionrequirement or may determine to refrain from transmission via thetransmission path. For example, a hand holding the UE or a human usingthe UE may be in one or more transmission paths of the UE. If the UEdetermines that a transmission path is not blocked by an object or thatthe transmission path is blocked by an object with an object typedifferent from human tissue, the UE may continue with transmission viathe transmission path without reducing the transmit power.

If human tissue that may be blocking the transmission path is far fromthe UE, then the UE may transmit at a transmission power not limited bythe emission requirement because the signal becomes attenuated over along distance. As discussed above, the UE may determine that humantissue is far from the UE if the UE determines a long round-trip time(e.g., above the time threshold). If human tissue is not far from the UEand may be in the transmission path of the UE, then the UE may transmitat a transmit power lower than the emissions requirement.

In an aspect, a base station may allocate resources for a localoperation of a UE, without having received a local operationnotification from the UE. In other words, the base station mayautonomously determine to allocate resources for a self-calibration of aUE. In one aspect, the base station may periodically allocate resourcesfor a local operation of a UE. For example, the base station mayallocate certain uplink resources specifically for the purpose of thelocal operation of the UE and not allocate such resources for otherpurposes.

FIG. 5 is an example diagram 500 illustrating local operations of one ormore user equipments with coordination between a base station and theone or more user equipments, according to an aspect of the disclosure.The example diagram 500 illustrates coordination between UEs (a first UE502 and a second UE 504) and a base station 506. At 512, the first UE502 may transmit a local operation notification to the base station 506.In an aspect, the local operation notification from the first UE 502 maybe a self-calibration notification or a transmission blockage detectionnotification. At 514, the second UE 704 may transmit a local operationnotification to the base station 506. In an aspect, the local operationnotification from the second UE 704 may be a self-calibrationnotification or a transmission blockage detection notification. At 516,the base station 506 may allocate resources for a local operation (e.g.,self-calibration, transmission blockage detection, etc.) by the UEs, byclearing out the allocated resources. In an aspect, the base station 506may allocate resources for the local operation (e.g., self-calibration,transmission blockage detection, etc.) by the UEs after gathering localoperation notifications from the UEs (e.g., the first UE 502 and thesecond UE 504) (e.g., during a time duration for gathering localoperation notifications). The base station 506 may allocate differentresources for different UEs (e.g., each UE may be allocated distinctresources, UEs far from each other may be allocated the same resources),to avoid interference between the UEs. At 518, the base station 506 maytransmit, to the first UE 502, a resource indicator indicating allocatedresources for use by the UE 502 during a local operation. Based on theresource indicator, at 520, the first UE 502 may perform a localoperation (e.g., self-calibration, transmission blockage detection,etc.) using the allocated resources indicated in the received resourceindicator. At 522, the base station 506 may transmit, to the second UE504, a resource indicator indicating allocated resources for use by thesecond UE 504 during a local operation. The allocated resources for useby the first UE 502 may be different from the allocated resources foruse by the second UE 504. Based on the resource indicator, at 524, thesecond UE 504 may perform a local operation (e.g., self-calibration,transmission blockage detection, etc.) using the allocated resourcesindicated in the received resource indicator.

The resource allocation of local operation resources by the base stationmay be performed based on at least one of various approaches. In anaspect, the resource allocation of local operation resources may bebased on system-wide resource allocation and/or cluster-wide resourceallocation. When the system-wide resource allocation of local operationresources is used, the base station may allocate resources for an entirecoverage area of the system, such that the allocated resources may beshared by multiple UEs for local operations. Thus, according to thesystem-wide resource allocation, the base station may allocate theresources such that each UE within the coverage area is allocateddistinct resources. When the cluster-wide resource allocation of localoperation resources is used, the base station may allocate resourcesbased on groups or clusters of UEs. In other words, according to thecluster-wide resource allocation, particular resources may be allocatedto a specific UE or to a cluster of specific UEs. In an aspect of thecluster-wide resource allocation, if UEs are in the same group, the basestation may allocate resources to the UEs in the same group such thatthe UEs in the same group are not allocated the same resources, to avoidinterference between the UEs in the same group. For example, UEs withinin the same group may imply that such UEs are likely to cause inter-UEinterference to each other if the same resources are used by the UEs inthe same group. In one example, UEs in the same group may be withinclose proximity to each other, and thus may be likely to causeinterference with each other if the same resources for the localoperation are used by the UEs in the same group. On the other hand, UEsthat are distant from each other may be allocated the same localoperation resources because the UEs distant from each other may notcause inter-UE interference to each other due to the distance betweenthe UEs. Thus, in this aspect of the cluster-wide resource allocation,for example, two UEs in the coverage area may be allocated the sameresources if the two UEs are distant from each other. The UEs that aredistant from each other may be UEs in different groups and thus may notbe in the same group.

In an aspect, the base station may associate a UE with a respectivegroup based on a directional beam (e.g., directional beam formed bybeam-forming) of the base station used for communication with the UE.For example, the base station may partition an angular area intomultiple sectors, and may group UEs based on the sectors. The basestation may be at the center of the angular area. In one example, thebase station may partition a coverage area spanning 360 degrees into 8sectors, each sector covering 45 degrees. If the base station determinesthat reception signal strength for UEs is highest in a sectorcorresponding to a particular directional beam of the base station, thebase station may group such UEs in the same sector together in a samegroup. In an aspect, if the UEs are in the same group, the base stationmay allocate resources for the UEs such that each UE in the group isallocated different resources for a local operation. In an aspect, thebase station may determine whether to allocate different resources forUEs in the same group based on a UE's interference range. In an aspect,in a case where two UEs are respectively located in two differentsectors, if the two different sectors are adjacent to each other, thebase station may determine that the UEs are not sufficiently distantfrom each other and thus may allocate different resources to each of theUEs. For example, if a first UE in a first sector and a second UE in asecond sector are located near a boundary between the first sector andthe second sector, the first UE and the second UE may be located closeto each other. In an aspect, in a case where two UEs are respectivelylocated in two different sectors, if the two sectors are not adjacent toeach other, the base station may determine that the two UEs aresufficiently distant from each other and thus may allocate the sameresources to the two UEs.

In an aspect, if a base station can determine location information ofdifferent UEs that are transmitting local operation notifications, thebase station may use the location information of the UEs to form groupsof UEs based on regions occupied by respective UEs. The locationinformation of the UEs may be provided to the base station by respectiveUEs. Each UE may determine and report location information based on alocation sensor such as a global positioning system (GPS) device withinthe UE. Alternatively, the base station may determine locationinformation of a UE using time difference of arrival (TDOA) basedpositioning methods, etc. In an example, the base station may definevarious regions around the base station, and may determine in whichregion each UE is located. If UEs are in the same region, the UEs maynot utilize the same resources to perform a local operation and may beallocated different resources. For example, if a first UE and a secondUE are in the same region, the base station may allocate a first set ofresources for the first UE to perform a local operation and may allocatea second set of resources for the second UE to perform a localoperation, where the first set of resources are different from thesecond set of resources. In an aspect, the base station may send a firstresource indicator indicating the first set of resources to the first UEand may send a second resource indicator indicating the second set ofresources to the second UE. On the other hand, if the base stationdetermines that a first UE is in a first region, and a second UE is in asecond region distant from the first region (e.g., at least two regionsaway from the first region), the first UE and the second UE may beallocated the same resources to perform a local operation because thefirst UE and the second UE may be sufficiently distant from each otherand thus may not interfere with each other when performing a localoperation using the same resources. In such a case, the base station maysend a resource indicator indicating the same resources for a localoperation to each of the first UE and the second UE. Thus, the basestation may allocate the same resources for certain UEs that are locatedin different regions, which may improve overall efficiency of theresource allocation without increasing inter-UE interference.

In an aspect, the resource allocation may be based on a UE'sinterference range. In particular, a signal strength of a UE may be usedto determine an interference range of the UE. For example, a greatersignal strength of a UE may result in a larger interference range of theUE. If an interference range of a first UE is within an interferencerange of a second UE (e.g., overlapping at least in part with theinterference range of the second UE), an inter-UE interference may beexpected if the same resources are used by the UEs for a localoperation. Thus, if the base station determines that an interferencerange of a first UE is within an interference range of a second UE, thebase station may allocate first resources to the first UE and secondresources to the second UE for a local operation, where the firstresources are different from the second resources.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram 600 illustrating grouping of multiple UEsfor resource allocation, according to an aspect of the disclosure. Inthe example diagram 600, a base station 602 may communicate with a firstUE 622, a second UE 624, a third UE 626, a fourth UE 628, and a fifth UE640. In the example diagram 600, the angular region surrounding the basestation 602 is divided into eight sectors, each sector covering 45degrees. A first directional beam 612 of the base station 602corresponds to Sector 1, and a second directional beam 614 of the basestation 602 corresponds to Sector 4. A third directional beam 616 of thebase station 602 corresponds to Sector 5. The first directional beam612, the second directional beam 614, and the third directional beam 616may be used for transmission and/or reception. The base station 602determines that a reception signal strength for the first UE 622 and areception signal strength for the second UE 624 are the strongest with afirst directional beam 612. Hence, the base station 602 determines thatthe first UE 622 and the second UE 624 are in Sector 1 and thus shouldbe grouped together in the same group corresponding to Sector 1. Becausethe first UE 622 and the second UE 624 are in the same group, the basestation 602 allocates resources such that resources allocated to thefirst UE 622 are different from resources allocated to the second UE624. The base station 602 determines that a reception signal strengthfor the third UE 626 and a reception signal strength for the fourth UE628 are the strongest for a second directional beam 614, and thus thebase station 602 determines that the third UE 626 and the fourth UE 628are in the same group corresponding to Sector 4. Because the third UE626 and the fourth UE 628 are in the same group, the base station 602allocates resources such that resources allocated to the third UE 626are different from resources allocated to the fourth UE 628.

In an aspect, the base station 602 may allocate the same resources for alocal operation for one of the UEs 622 and 624 in Sector 1 and for oneof the UEs 626 and 628 in Sector 4 because Sector 1 and Sector 4 arefacing opposite directions from the base station 602 and thus one of theUEs 622 and 624 in Sector 1 and one of the UEs 626 and 628 in Sector 4are not likely to interfere with each other if the same resources areassigned for a local operation. However, in one aspect, the base station602 may allocate resources such that none of the resources assigned tothe UEs 626 and 628 in Sector 4 are assigned to the fifth UE 630 inSector 5 because the fifth UE 630 is in Sector 5 adjacent to Sector 4and the base station 602 may determine that UEs in adjacent sectors arelikely to interfere with each other if the same resources are assignedfor a local operation in sectors 4 and 5.

FIG. 7 is an example diagram 700 illustrating grouping of multiple UEsfor resource allocation when locations of user equipments are known,according to an aspect of the disclosure. In the example diagram 700, abase station 702 may communicate with a first UE 722, a second UE 724, athird UE 726, a fourth UE 728, and a fifth UE 730. In the examplediagram 700, the angular region surrounding the base station 702 isdivided into eight sectors, each sector covering 45 degrees, and theeight sectors are further divided into regions (e.g., Region 1 andRegion 2) based on a distance from the base station 702. Becauselocations of the UEs are known in the example diagram 700, the angularregion may be further divided into regions based on the distance fromthe base station 702. A first directional beam 712 of the base station702 corresponds to Sector 1, and a second directional beam 714 of thebase station 702 corresponds to Sector 4. The base station 702determines that a reception signal strength for the first UE 722 and areception signal strength for the second UE 724 are the strongest with afirst directional beam 712. Because the base station 702 knows thelocations of the UEs (e.g., relative location with respect to a locationof the base station 702), the base station 702 may determine that thefirst UE 722 and the second UE 724 are in Sector 1, Region 2, and thusare assigned to the same group. Because the first UE 722 and the secondUE 724 are in the same group, the base station 702 allocates localoperation resources such that the local operation resources allocated tothe first UE 722 are different from the local operation resourcesallocated to the second UE 724.

In addition, the base station 702 may determine that a reception signalstrength for the third UE 726 and a reception signal strength for thefourth UE 728 are the strongest for a second directional beam 714. Thebase station 702 determines that a reception signal strength for thefifth UE 730 is the strongest for a third beam 716. With the locationinformation of the UEs, the base station determines that a third UE 726is in Sector 4, Region 1, and that a fourth UE 728 is in Sector 4,Region 2. The base station 702 also determines that a fifth UE 730 is inSector 5, Region 2. Although the third UE 726 and the fourth UE 728 arein different regions, the base station 702 may not allocate the samelocal operation resources because the third UE 726 and the fourth UE 728are located in adjacent regions. The third UE 726 and the fifth UE 730are in different, non-adjacent regions, and thus the base station 702may allocate the same local operation resources to the third UE 726 andthe fifth UE 730. Further, since each of the third UE 726, the fourth UE728, and the fifth UE 730 is in a different, non-adjacent region fromthe first UE 722, the base station may allocate the same local operationresources to the first UE 722 and one of the third UE 726, the fourth UE728, and the fifth UE 730.

FIG. 8 is an example diagram 800 illustrating resource allocation forUEs based on interference zones, according to an aspect of thedisclosure. A base station 802 coordinates with a first UE 822 and asecond UE 824 to allocate resources for a local operation. In theexample diagram 800, the first UE 822 and the second UE 824 are facingthe directional beam 812 of the base station 802. An interference zone852 of the first UE 822 overlaps with an interference zone 854 of thesecond UE 824, and thus the base station 802 may not allocate the sameresources for a local operation to the first UE 822 and the second UE824, and may allocate different resources. The base station 802 mayestimate a size of the interference zone 852 based on the signalstrength of the first UE 822 and may estimate a size of the interferencezone 854 based on the signal strength of the second UE 824. The signalstrength may be measured by a signal-to-noise ratio. In one example, theinterference zone of a UE may be a circular area surrounding the UE,with a certain diameter. In the example diagram 800, the third UE 826and the fourth UE 828 are facing the directional beam 814 of the basestation 802. An interference zone 856 of the third UE 826 does notoverlap with an interference zone 858 of the fourth UE 828, and thus thebase station 802 may allocate the same resources for a local operationto the third UE 826 and the fourth UE 828.

In an aspect, a base station may allocate multiple resources to a singleUE, which may utilize the multiple resources in various ways. In anaspect, when a UE is allocated with multiple resources (e.g., multipletransmit resources), the UE may transmit a reference signal for a localoperation using one or more of the allocated resources at a time. Forexample, the UE may utilize one or two of the allocated resources totransmit a reference signal based on a predefined pattern. Thepredefined pattern may be a round-robin pattern, where the UE utilizesone source at a time per transmission of a reference signal in around-robin manner. For example, if N resources are allocated, the UEmay utilize resource #1 for a first transmission of the referencesignal, resource #2 for a second transmission of the reference signal,and resource #N for an Nth transmission of the reference signal. The UEmay utilize resource #1 again after utilizing resource #N. In anotheraspect, when a UE is allocated with multiple transmit resources, the UEmay simultaneously use multiple TX elements that utilize the multipletransmit resources, to form specific beam patterns for a local operationusing beam-forming. In one example, the base station may provide thepredefined pattern to the UE.

In an aspect, the base station may allocate a number of resourcessufficient to cover an amount of time needed for a UE to perform a localoperation. For example, if a UE needs less than 1 millisecond to performa local operation, the base station may allocate one subframe, whereeach subframe is 1 millisecond long. In another example, if a UE needsmore than 1 millisecond (e.g., 1.5 milliseconds) to perform a localoperation, the base station may allocate two subframes of resources. Thenumber of resources to perform the local operation may be conveyed tothe base station from the UE via a resource request, as discussed morein detail below. If a UE has multiple antenna elements that are to beused for a local operation, an amount of time needed for the UE toperform a local operation may depend on the number of antenna elements.For example, a UE may send a reference signal using each of the multipleantenna elements. Thus, if the UE has N antenna elements, a total numberof resources allocated by the base station may be N times the basic unitof resource for calibration. For example, if each of N antenna elementsneeds less than 1 millisecond (e.g., 100-200 microseconds) to performtransmission of the reference signal, the basic unit of resource for thelocal operation may be one subframe, and thus the total number ofresources may be N antenna elements×1 subframe per antenna element=Nsubframes. In another example, if each of N antenna elements needs morethan 1 millisecond (e.g., 1.5 milliseconds) to perform transmission, thebasic unit of resource for the local operation may be two subframes, andthus the total number of resources may be N antenna elements×2 subframesper antenna element =2N subframes.

The UE may transmit, to the base station, a resource request indicatingan amount of resources (e.g., time duration) needed for the UE toperform a local operation. In an aspect, the resource request mayindicate a request for a certain amount of resources, based on theamount of resources (e.g., time duration) needed for the UE to perform alocal operation. Thus, when the base station generates and sends to theUE the resource indicator indicating the allocated resources to the UE,the resource indicator may be based on the resource request. In anaspect, the base station may receive the resource request, and estimatea number of resources to allocate to the UE based on the amount ofresources (e.g., time) indicated in the resource request. The resourcerequest may also include a number of antenna elements of the UE. In anaspect, the resource request may be included in the local operationnotification transmitted to the base station.

In an aspect, if the UE needs more resources (e.g., a longer time forthe local operation), more than the amount of resources the UE requestedinitially via the resource request, UE may send an additional resourcerequest to the base station. The additional resource request mayindicate an additional amount of resources (e.g., additional time)needed for the UE to perform a local operation. In an aspect, theadditional resource request may indicate a request for a certain amountof resources, based on the additional amount of resources (e.g.,additional time) needed for the UE to complete a local operation. In anaspect, the base station may receive the additional resource request,and estimate a number of resources to additionally allocate for thelocal operation based on the amount of resources indicated in theadditional resource request.

In an aspect, a UE's local operation may not utilize all of the localoperation resources indicated in the resource indicator. Then, the basestation may use the remaining portion of the allocated resources forother types of operations, where the remaining portion of the allocatedresources is a portion that is not utilized for a local operation. Forexample, if the UE's local operation needs a narrow bandwidth for alocal operation using a reference signal, there may be remainingportions of the bandwidth that is not used for a local operation andthus may be used for other operations. In one example, if the UE isutilizing a 5 MHz reference signal and the carrier in the allocatedresources is 100 MHz wide, then the UE may utilize approximately 15 MHz(including the guard bands) of the bandwidth, and the remaining 85 MHzmay be used to schedule operations by other UEs. The UE may transmit anremaining resource indicator to the base station, indicating theremaining portion of the allocated resources.

In an aspect, the base station may allocate several component carriers(CCs) as resources for a UE's local operation. If the UE uses a portionof the several CCs for the UE's local operation, the base station mayuse the remaining portion of the several CCs not used for a localoperation for other operations, where the remaining portion is not usedfor the UE's local operation. If the UE uses a portion of a first CC(e.g., one or more subcarriers within the CC) for the UE's localoperation, the base station may use the remaining CCs and the unusedsubcarriers of the first CC. For example, if each CC is 100 MHz and fourCCs are allocated, then a UE may use one of the CCs for a localoperation and the other three CCs may be available for other uses.Within the one of the CCs used for local operation, the UE may use somesubcarriers for a local operation and the remaining subcarriers not usedfor a local operation may be available for other uses.

In one example where a reference signal for the local operation is sentvia RACH signaling, if the bandwidth of a CC is 100 MHz, a UE mayutilize 15 MHz for a local operation and thus the base station mayallocate the remaining 85 MHz of the bandwidth of the CC to RACHsignaling, such that other UEs that are not yet connected to a basestation may use the remaining 85 MHz to send a RACH signal to connect tothe base station. In such an example, the base station may not receiveand/or may not process any RACH signals communicated in the first 15 MHzbandwidth that is allocated for the local operation of the UE, to avoidinterference with the UE's local operation. In another example, if N isa number of CCs in a CA system, a first CC may be allocated for a localoperation and the remaining CCs may be allocated for RACH signaling. Thebase station may advertise information about available CCs for RACHsignaling in a SIB when the base station operates in a CA mode.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, a base station mayinitiate self-calibration of the base station by allocating resourcesfor self-calibration of the base station. The base station may allocatethe resources by clearing out the resources for the self-calibration ofthe base station. For example, the base station may clear out (e.g.,free up) resources by allocating the resources to the base station forself-calibration and not allocating the same resources to any otherdevices for other purposes. When the base station determines to performself-calibration of the base station, the base station may notify a UEthat the base station will perform self-calibration by transmitting aself-calibration notification to the UE. The self-calibrationnotification may indicate a self-calibration to be performed by the basestation. The self-calibration notification may include an indication toa UE to indicate the allocated resources for self-calibration of thebase station. Subsequently, the base station performs self-calibrationusing the allocated resources. When the UE receives the self-calibrationnotification from the base station, the UE may determine to deactivateat least a component of the UE and/or may refrain from utilizing theallocated resources based on the allocated resources forself-calibration of the base station, such that the UE's signaling maynot interfere with the self-calibration of the base station using theallocated resources. In an aspect, the UE may enter a sleep mode or maybe deactivated during a time period corresponding to the allocatedresources for self-calibration of the base station, and may wake upafter the time period is over.

In an aspect, the base station may notify neighboring base stations thatthe base station will perform self-calibration by transmitting aself-calibration notification to the neighboring base stations.Subsequently, the base station performs self-calibration using theallocated resources. When a neighboring base station receives theself-calibration notification from the base station, the neighboringbase station may adjust how the resources allocated to the base stationfor self-calibration may be used. In an aspect, the neighboring basestation may clear out the resources allocated to the base station forself-calibration. In particular, the neighboring base station may clearout resources by refraining from utilizing the resources allocated forthe self-calibration of the base station for communication by theneighboring base station. For a UE that is served by the neighboringbase station and is within a communication range of the base station,the reference signal transmitted by the base station forself-calibration may be interfered by the communication by the UE thatutilizes the resources allocated for the self-calibration of the basestation. Thus, in an aspect, the neighboring base station may avoidassigning the resources allocated to the base station forself-calibration to a UE that is served by the neighboring base stationand is within a communication range of the base station. In an aspect,the neighboring base station may not avoid assigning the resourcesallocated to the base station for self-calibration to a UE that isserved by the neighboring base station and is outside the communicationrange of the base station. When the allocated resources are cleared outfor self-calibration of the base station, the base station may performself-calibration using the allocated resources with little or nointerference in the allocated resources from the neighboring basestation.

In an aspect, the base station may send a resource allocation indicationto the neighboring base stations to indicate the resources allocated forself-calibration of the base station, such that the neighboring basestations may be informed of the resources allocated for self-calibrationof the base station. In an aspect, the neighboring base station mayadjust utilization of the resources allocated for self-calibration ofthe base station (e.g., by refraining from utilizing the allocatedresources) during a time period corresponding to the allocated resourcesfor self-calibration of the base station, and may utilize the allocatedresources when the time period is over. During self-calibration of thebase station, the base station may transmit (e.g., in the TX chain) areference signal using the allocated resources indicated in thegrant/resource indicator. The base station may use the RX chain tomeasure certain parameters from the transmitted reference signalreceived by the RX chain. In an aspect, the base station may measure theparameters of the reference signal in frequencies corresponding to theallocated resources.

In an aspect, the base station may perform self-calibration based on themeasured parameters of the reference signal and on standard parametersof the reference signal, where the standard parameters may be idealparameters without error or interference. For example, during theself-calibration, the base station may compare the measured parameterswith the standard parameters, and calibrate the base station accordingto the comparison (e.g., by calibrating the base station to have themeasured parameters match closely with the standard parameters, withincertain error tolerances). The parameters may include an amplitudeand/or a phase. Thus, for example, the base station may measure anamplitude and a phase received by the RX chain of the transmittedreference signal, and compare the measured amplitude and the measuredphase with a standard amplitude and a standard phase, respectively, tocalibrate the base station. In an aspect, the reference signal mayinclude at least one of a demodulation reference signal, a soundingreference signal, or a newly-defined calibration reference signal thatmay be used for calibration.

In an aspect, a base station may allocate multiple resources forself-calibration of the base station, and may utilize the multipleresources in various ways. In an aspect, when a base station isallocated with multiple resources (e.g., multiple transmit resources),the base station may transmit a reference signal for self-calibrationusing one or more of the allocated resources at a time. For example, thebase station may utilize one or more of the allocated resources totransmit a reference signal based on a predefined pattern. Thepredefined pattern may be a round-robin pattern, where the base stationutilizes one source at a time per transmission of a reference signal ina round-robin manner. For example, if N resources are allocated forcalibration of the base station, the base station may utilize resource#1 for a first transmission of the reference signal, resource #2 for asecond transmission, and resource #N for an Nth transmission. The basestation may utilize resource #1 after utilizing resource #N. In anotheraspect, when a base station is allocated with multiple transmitresources, the base station may simultaneously use multiple TX elementsthat utilize the multiple transmit resources, to form specific beampatterns for self-calibration using beam-forming.

In an aspect, the base station may allocate a number of resourcessufficient to cover an amount of time needed for a base station toperform self-calibration. For example, if the base station needs lessthan 1 millisecond to perform self-calibration, the base station mayallocate one subframe, where each subframe is 1 millisecond long. Inanother example, if a UE needs more than 1 millisecond (e.g., 1.5milliseconds) to perform self-calibration, the base station may allocatetwo subframes of resources. If the base station has multiple antennaelements that are to be used for self-calibration, an amount of timeneeded for the base station to perform self-calibration may depend onthe number of antenna elements. For example, the base station may send areference signal using each of the multiple antenna elements. Thus, ifthe base station has N antenna elements, a total number of resourcesallocated by the base station may be N×a basic unit of resource forcalibration. For example, if each of N antenna elements needs less than1 millisecond (e.g., 100-200 microseconds) to perform transmission, thebasic unit of resource for calibration may be one subframe, and thus thetotal number of resources may be N antenna elements×1 subframe perantenna element=N subframes. In another example, if each of N antennaelements needs more than 1 millisecond (e.g., 1.5 milliseconds) toperform transmission, the basic unit of resource for calibration may betwo subframes, and thus the total number of resources may be N antennaelements×2 subframes per antenna element=2N subframes.

In an aspect, if the base station needs more resources (e.g., a longertime) for self-calibration than the allocated resources forself-calibration of the base station indicated to neighboring basestations (e.g., via a resource allocation indication), base station maysend an additional resource allocation indication to the neighboringbase station. The additional resource allocation indication may indicateadditional resources are needed for the base station to completeself-calibration, and may indicate an amount of the additionalresources. When the UE served by the base station receives theadditional resource allocation indication from the base station, the UEmay continue to deactivate the components of the UE for an additionaltime period corresponding to the additional resources. When aneighboring base station receives the additional resource allocationindication, the neighboring base stations may adjust utilization ofresources corresponding to the additional resources for self-calibrationof the base station for an additional time period corresponding to theadditional resources. For example, the neighboring base station mayrefraining from utilizing the additional resources for communication bythe neighboring base station. For example, the neighboring base stationmay avoid assigning the additional resources to a UE that is served bythe neighboring base station and is within a communication range of thebase station.

FIG. 9 is an example diagram 900 illustrating self-calibration of a basestation by coordination between a base station and devices, according toan aspect of the disclosure. The example diagram 900 illustratescoordination between a UE 902 and a base station 906 and coordinationbetween a neighboring base station 904 and the base station 906. At 912,the base station 906 may allocate resources for self-calibration of thebase station 906 by clearing out the allocated resources. At 914, thebase station 906 may transmit, to the UE 902, a self-calibrationnotification including an indication indicating the allocated resourcesfor self-calibration of the base station 906. At 916, the base station906 may transmit, to the neighboring base station 904, aself-calibration notification including an indication indicating theallocated resources for self-calibration of the base station 906. Inresponse to the self-calibration notification, the UE 902 may enter asleep mode at 918 and the neighboring base station 904 may adjustutilization of the allocated resources at 920, during the time periodwhen the base station performs self-calibration of the base station 906at 922. In one example, at 920, the base station 904 may refrain fromgranting the allocated resources to one or more UEs served by the basestation 904, especially if the one or more UEs are within acommunication range of the base station 906. In one example, at 920, thebase station 904 may refrain from utilizing the allocated resources forcommunication of the base station 904. After the time period forself-calibration is over, the UE 902 wakes up at 924 and the neighboringbase station 904 determines that the allocated resources are availablefor use at 926. For example, the UE 902 and the neighboring base station904 may determine the time period for self-calibration based on theallocated resources for self-calibration.

In an aspect, if a base station can determine location information ofdevices (e.g., UEs and/or neighboring base stations), the base stationmay utilize the location information of the devices to determine whetherto transmit the self-calibration notification to each device. Thelocation information of the devices may be provided to the base stationby the respective devices. Each device may determine the device'slocation based on a location sensor such as a GPS device and report thelocation information to the base station, and/or a base station maydetermine device locations using TDOA based positioning methods, etc. Inone example, if a device is located in a region corresponding to adirection of base station's beam that is used for self-calibration, thebase station may determine to transmit the self-calibration notificationto the device. On the other hand, if a device is not located in theregion corresponding to the direction of the base station's beam that isused for self-calibration, then the base station may refrain fromtransmitting the self-calibration notification to the device. In such acase, if the device is not located in the region corresponding to thedirection of the base station's beam, the device may not interfere withthe self-calibration of the base station even if the device utilizes theresources allocated for the self-calibration of the base station.Therefore, in such a case, the self-calibration notification may not benecessary.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart 1000 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 502, 504, theapparatus 1602/1602′). At 1002, the UE transmits a local operationnotification to a base station, the local operation notificationindicating a local operation that is local to the UE. In an aspect, thelocal operation notification may be transmitted via at least one of aMAC control element or physical layer signaling. For example, asdiscussed supra, a UE (or a CPE) notifies a base station serving the UEthat the UE will perform a local operation of the UE by transmitting alocal operation notification to the base station. For example, asdiscussed supra, the local operation notification may be transmitted viaat least one of a MAC control element or physical layer signaling (e.g.,layer-1 signaling). For example, as discussed supra, the local operationnotification may indicate a local operation to be performed by the UE.

At 1004, the UE may transmit a resource request to request a predefinedamount of transmit resources. For example, as discussed supra, theresource request may indicate a request for a certain amount ofresources, based on the amount of time needed for the UE to perform alocal operation. In an aspect, the resource request may be included inthe local operation notification. For example, as discussed supra, theresource request may be included in the local operation notificationtransmitted to the base station. In an aspect, the resource request mayinclude a number of antenna elements of the UE. For example, asdiscussed supra, the resource request may also include a number ofantenna elements of the UE.

At 1006, the UE may receive, from the base station, a resource indicatorindicating one or more resources for the local operation. For example,as discussed supra, the UE receives a resource indicator indicating theallocated resources from the base station. In an aspect, the resourceindicator may be received via DCI. For example, as discussed supra, thebase station may send the resource indicator via a control channel suchas a PDCCH and/or via DCI. In an aspect, the resource indicator may bebased on the resource request. For example, as discussed supra, when thebase station generates and sends to the UE the resource indicatorindicating the allocated resources to the UE, the resource indicator maybe based on the resource request.

In an aspect, the one or more resources may include a plurality oftransmit resources, and the plurality of transmit resources may be usedto form one or more beam patterns for performing the local operation.For example, as discussed supra, in an aspect, when a UE is allocatedwith multiple resources (e.g., multiple transmit resources), the UE maytransmit a reference signal for the local operation using one or more ofthe allocated transmit resources at a time. For example, as discussedsupra, the UE may utilize one or more of the allocated transmitresources to transmit a reference signal based on a predefined pattern.For example, as discussed supra, in another aspect, when a UE isallocated with multiple transmit resources, the UE may simultaneouslyuse multiple TX elements that utilize the multiple transmit resources,to form specific beam patterns for the local operation usingbeam-forming.

At 1008, the UE performs the local operation using the one or moreresources. For example, as discussed supra, when the UE receives theresource indicator indicating the allocated resources, the UE mayutilize the allocated resources to perform the local operation based onthe resource indicator.

In an aspect, the UE may perform the local operation by: transmitting areference signal using the one or more resources, determining one ormore parameters based on the transmitted reference signal, performingthe local operation based on the determined one or more parameters.

In an aspect, the local operation may be self-calibration of the UE. Insuch an aspect, the UE may determine the one or more parameters bymeasuring the one or more parameters from the transmitted referencesignal, where the local operation may be performed based on the one ormore parameters and based on one or more standard parameters. In such anaspect, the one or more parameters may include at least one of anamplitude or a phase. For example, as discussed supra, to performself-calibration, the UE may transmit (e.g., in the TX chain) areference signal using the allocated resources indicated in the resourceindicator. Subsequently, for example, as discussed supra, the UE may usethe RX chain to measure certain parameters of the reference signalreceived by the RX chain. For example, as discussed supra, the UE mayperform self-calibration based on the measured parameters of thereference signal and based on standard parameters of the referencesignal, where the standard parameters may be ideal parameters withouterror or interference. For example, as discussed supra, the parametersmay include an amplitude and/or a phase. In an aspect, the referencesignal may include at least one of a demodulation reference signal, asounding reference signal or a calibration reference signal used forcalibration. For example, as discussed supra, the reference signal mayinclude at least one of a demodulation reference signal, a soundingreference signal, or a newly-defined calibration reference signal thatmay be used for calibration.

In an aspect, the self-calibration of the UE may be based on acomparison between the measured one or more parameters and the one ormore standard parameters. For example, as discussed supra, during theself-calibration, the UE may compare the measured parameters with thestandard parameters, and calibrate the UE according to the comparison(e.g., by calibrating the UE to have the measured parameters matchclosely with the standard parameters). For example, as discussed supra,the UE may measure an amplitude and a phase received by the RX chain ofthe transmitted reference signal, and compare the measured amplitude andthe measured phase with a standard amplitude and a standard phase,respectively, to calibrate the UE.

In an aspect, the local operation may be transmission blockagedetection. In such an aspect, the UE may determine the one or moreparameters by: receiving a reflected signal of the transmitted referencesignal, and determining a signal strength of the reflected signal and around-trip time of the reference signal based on a time of thetransmission of the reference signal and a time of the reception of thereflected signal, where the one or more parameters include the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time of thereference signal. In such an aspect, the local operation (e.g., thetransmission blockage detection) may be performed based on the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time of thereference signal. In such an aspect, the UE may perform the localoperation by: determining whether a transmission path is blocked by anobject based on the signal strength of the reflected signal and theround-trip time of the reference signal, and determining a type ofobject blocking the transmission path based on the signal strength ofthe reflected signal and the round-trip time of the reference signal ifthe transmission path is blocked.

At 1009, in a case where the local operation is transmission blockagedetection, the UE may additionally perform features described infra inFIG. 11.

In an aspect, the one or more resources may include a plurality oftransmit resources, and one or more of the plurality of transmitresources may be each used for transmission of the reference signalbased on a predefined pattern. For example, as discussed supra, the UEmay utilize one or more of the allocated resources to transmit areference signal based on the predefined pattern. For example, asdiscussed supra, the predefined pattern may be a round-robin pattern,where the UE utilizes one source at a time per transmission of areference signal in a round-robin manner. In such an aspect, thepredefined pattern may be received from the base station. For example,as discussed supra, the base station may provide the predefined patternto the UE.

At 1010, the UE may transmit an additional resource request requestingan additional transmit resource in addition to the predefined amount oftransmit resources if the predefined amount of transmit resources is notsufficient for the local operation. For example, as discussed supra, ifthe UE needs additional resources (e.g., because of a longer time forthe local operation), beyond the amount of resources the UE requestedinitially via the resource request, UE may send an additional resourcerequest to the base station. For example, as discussed supra, theadditional resource request may indicate an additional amount ofresources (e.g., additional time) needed for the UE to complete localoperation.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart 1100 of a method of wireless communication,expanding from the flowchart 1000 of FIG. 10. The method may beperformed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 502, 504, the apparatus1602/1602′). At 1009, in a case where the local operation istransmission blockage detection, the UE may continue from the flowchart1000 of FIG. 10.

At 1102, the UE determines whether the transmission path is blocked. Ifthe transmission path is blocked, at 1104, the UE determines whether thetype of the object blocking the transmission path is a human tissuetype.

If the transmission path is not blocked or the type of the objectblocking the transmission path is not the human tissue type, at 1106,the UE utilizes the transmission path for signal transmission. If thetype of the object blocking the transmission path is the human tissuetype, at 1108, the UE refrains from transmitting a signal on thetransmission path.

In an aspect, at 1110, the UE may select a second transmission path thatis not blocked by the object. At 1112, the UE may utilize the secondtransmission path for signal transmission.

In an aspect, at 1114, the UE may transmit, to the base station, ablockage notification indicating the blockage via the transmission pathif the type of the object blocking the transmission path is a humantissue type.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart 1200 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a device (e.g., the UE 104, the UE 902, theneighboring base station 904, the apparatus 1602/1602′). In an aspect,the device is a UE or a neighboring base station. At 1202, the devicereceives, from a base station, a self-calibration notificationindicating one or more resources allocated for a self-calibration of thebase station. For example, as discussed supra, the base station maynotify a UE that the base station will perform self-calibration bytransmitting a self-calibration notification to the neighboring basestations. For example, as discussed supra, the base station may notifyneighboring base stations that the base station will performself-calibration by transmitting a self-calibration notification to theneighboring base stations. For example, as discussed supra, theself-calibration notification may indicate a self-calibration to beperformed by the base station and may include an indication to indicatethe allocated resources for self-calibration of the base station. At1204, the device performs, in response to the self-calibrationnotification, at least one of deactivating at least one component of thedevice based on the one or more allocated resources or adjustingutilization of the one or more allocated resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station. For example, as discussed supra,when the UE receives the self-calibration notification from the basestation, the UE may determine to deactivate at least a component of theUE based on the allocated resources for self-calibration of the basestation. For example, as discussed supra, when a neighboring basestation receives the self-calibration notification from the basestation, then the neighboring base station may adjust how the resourcesallocated to the base station for self-calibration may be used.

In an aspect, the at least one of the deactivating the at least onecomponent of the device or the adjusting the utilization of the one ormore allocated resources is performed during a time period correspondingto the one or more allocated resources. In such an aspect, the devicemay deactivate the at least one component of the device by entering asleep mode of the device during the time period. For example, asdiscussed supra, the UE may enter a sleep mode or may be deactivatedduring a time period corresponding to the allocated resources forself-calibration of the base station, and may wake up after the timeperiod is over. For example, as discussed supra, the neighboring basestation may refrain from utilizing the resources allocated forself-calibration of the base station during a time period correspondingto the allocated resources for self-calibration of the base station. Inan aspect, the UE may adjust the utilization of the one or moreallocated resources by: determining one or more UEs that are served bythe device and are within a communication range of the base station, andrefraining from assigning the one or more allocated resources to the oneor more UEs. For example, as discussed supra, the neighboring basestation may avoid assigning the resources allocated to the base stationfor self-calibration to a UE that is served by the neighboring basestation and is within a communication range of the base station. In anaspect, the UE may adjust the utilization of the one or more allocatedresources by: refraining from utilizing the one or more allocatedresources for communication of the device. For example, as discussedsupra, the neighboring base station may clear out resources byrefraining from utilizing the resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station for communication by theneighboring base station.

At 1206, the device may receive, from the base station, an additionalresource indication indicating one or more additional resourcesallocated for the self-calibration of the base station. For example, asdiscussed supra, the base station needs more resources (e.g., a longertime) for self-calibration than the allocated resources forself-calibration of the base station that were indicated to neighboringbase stations (e.g., via a resource allocation indication), base stationmay send an additional resource allocation indication to the neighboringbase station. At 1208, the device may perform at least one of thedeactivating the at least one component of the UE or adjustingutilization of the one or more additional resources for an additionaltime period corresponding to the one or more additional resources. Forexample, as discussed supra, when the UE served by the base stationreceives the additional resource allocation indication from the basestation, the UE may continue to deactivate the components of the UE foran additional time period corresponding to the additional resources. Forexample, as discussed supra, a neighboring base station receives theadditional resource allocation indication, the neighboring base stationsmay adjust utilization of resources corresponding to the additionalresources for self-calibration of the base station for an additionaltime period corresponding to the additional resources.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart 1300 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a base station (e.g., the eNB 102, the basestation 506, the apparatus 1802/1802′). At 1302, the base station mayreceive one or more local operation notifications from the one or moreUEs, each of the one or more local operation notifications indicating alocal operation that is local to a respective UE of the one or more UE,wherein each of the one or more local operation notifications isreceived from a respective UE of the one or more UEs. For example, asdiscussed supra, a UE (or a CPE) notifies a base station serving the UEthat the UE will perform a local operation by transmitting a localoperation notification to the base station. For example, as discussedsupra, the local operation notification may indicate a local operationto be performed by the UE. At 1304, the base station may receive aresource request from at least one UE of the one or more UEs, theresource request indicating a request for a predefined amount oftransmit resources. For example, as discussed supra, the resourcerequest may indicate a request for a certain amount of resources, basedon the amount of time needed for the UE to perform the local operation.In an aspect, the resource request may be included in a local operationnotification of the one or more local operation notifications. Forexample, as discussed supra, the resource request may be included in thelocal operation notification transmitted to the base station. In anaspect, the resource request may include a number of antenna elements ofthe at least one UE. For example, as discussed supra, the resourcerequest may also include a number of antenna elements of the UE. At1306, the base station may perform additional features as discussedinfra.

At 1308, the base station allocates one or more resources for one ormore local operations of one or more UEs. In an aspect, the one or morelocal operations may include at least one of self-calibration ortransmission blockage detection. For example, as discussed supra,resources may be allocated by the base station for local operation ofone or more UEs, such that interference experienced in the allocatedresources during the local operation may be reduced. In an aspect, theone or more resources may be allocated in response to the one or morelocal operation notifications. For example, as discussed supra, inresponse to the local operation notification, the base station mayallocate resources for the local operation. In an aspect, the allocationof the one or more resources may be based on the resource request. Forexample, as discussed supra, the base station may receive the resourcerequest, and estimate a number of resources to allocate based on theamount of resources (e.g., time) indicated in the resource request.

At 1310, the base station determines one or more resource indicatorsindicating the one or more resources. At 1312, the base stationtransmits the one or more resource indicators to the one or more UEs.For example, as discussed supra, the base station transmits a resourceindicator indicating the allocated resources. In an aspect, each of theone or more resource indicators is transmitted via DCI. For example, asdiscussed supra, the base station may send the resource indicator via acontrol channel such as a PDCCH and/or via DCI. In an aspect, the one ormore resource indicators may include a first indicator for a firstresource and a second indicator for a second resource, and if a first UEof the one or more UEs is within a signal interference zone of a secondUE of the one or more UEs, the first indicator and the second indicatorare transmitted to the first UE and the second UE, respectively. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 8, an interference zone 852 of the firstUE 822 overlaps with an interference zone 854 of the second UE 824, andthus the base station 802 may not allocate the same resources for thelocal operation to the first UE 822 and the second UE 824, and mayallocate different resources.

In an aspect, the one or more resource indicators indicates one or moresubcarriers available for the one or more local operations. For example,as discussed supra, the base station may allocate several componentcarriers (CCs) as resources for UE's local operation. In such an aspect,the one or more resource indicators further indicate one or more secondsubcarriers available for transmission of a signal unrelated to thelocal operation. For example, as discussed supra, if the UE uses aportion of the several CCs for the UE's local operation, the basestation may use the remaining portion of the several CCs not used forlocal operation for other operations, where the remaining portion is notused for UE's local operation. In such an aspect, the one or moresubcarriers may be within subframes for RACH signaling. For example, asdiscussed supra, if each CC is 100 MHz, in each CC allocated for thelocal operation, a UE may utilize 15 MHz for the local operation andthus the base station may allocate the remaining 85 MHz to RACHsignaling. In such an aspect, information about the one or more secondsubcarriers may be transmitted via a SIB. For example, as discussedsupra, the base station may advertise to other UEs information aboutavailable CCs for RACH signaling in a SIB when the base station operatesin a CA mode.

At 1314, the base station may transmit a pattern for utilizing the oneor more resources at the one or more UEs. For example, as discussedsupra, the UE may utilize one or more of the allocated resources totransmit a reference signal based on a predefined pattern. For example,as discussed supra, the base station may provide the predefined patternto the UE.

At 1316, the base station may receive an additional resource requestfrom the at least one UE if the predefined amount of transmit resourcesis not sufficient for a local operation of the at least one UE, theadditional resource request requesting an additional transmit resourcein addition to the predefined amount of transmit resources. For example,as discussed supra, if the UE needs more resources (e.g., a longer timefor calibration), beyond the amount of resources the UE requestedinitially via the resource request, UE may send an additional resourcerequest to the base station. For example, as discussed supra, theadditional resource request may indicate an additional amount ofresources (e.g., additional time) needed for the UE to complete thelocal operation.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart 1400 of a method of wireless communication,expanding from the flowchart 1300 of FIG. 13. The method may beperformed by a base station (e.g., the eNB 102, the base station 506,the apparatus 1802/1802′). The flowchart 1400 includes the featuresperformed at 1306. At 1402, the base station may determine a pluralityof regions surrounding the base station. At 1404, the base station mayassociate each of the one or more UEs with a respective region of theplurality of regions. In an aspect, the association may be based on alocation of each of the one or more UEs. In an aspect, the one or moreresource indicators may be determined based on the association. Forexample, as discussed supra, if a base station can determine locationinformation of different UEs that are transmitting local operationnotifications, the base station may use the location information of theUEs to form groups of UEs based on regions occupied by respective UEs.For example, as discussed supra, the base station may define variousregions around the base station, and may determine which region isoccupied by each UE.

In an aspect, the one or more resource indicators may include a firstindicator for a first resource and a second indicator for a secondresource, and if a first UE of the one or more UEs is associated with asame region of the plurality of regions as a second UE of the one ormore UEs, the first indicator and the second indicator may betransmitted to the first UE and the second UE, respectively. Forexample, as discussed supra, if a first and second UEs are in the sameregion, the base station may allocate a first set of resources for thefirst UE to perform the local operation and may allocate a second set ofresources for the second UE to perform the local operation, where thefirst set of resources are different from the second set of resources.For example, as discussed supra, the base station may send a firstindicator indicating the first set of resources to the first UE and maysend a second indicator indicating the second set of resources to thesecond UE. In an aspect, if a first UE and a second UE of the one ormore UEs are associated with different regions of the plurality ofregions, a first indicator of the one or more resource indicators istransmitted to the first UE and a second indicator of the one or moreresource indicators is transmitted the second UE, each of the firstindicator and the second indicator indicating a same resource. Forexample, as discussed supra, if the base station determines that a firstUE is in a first region, and a second UE is in a second region distantfrom the first region (e.g., at least two regions away from the firstregion), the first and second UEs may utilize the same resources toperform the local operation because the first and second UEs may besufficiently distant from each other and thus may not interfere witheach other. For example, as discussed supra, the base station may send aresource indicator indicating the same resources allocated for the localoperation to the first UE and the second UE.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a base station (e.g., the eNB 102, the basestation 906, the apparatus 1802/1802′). At 1502, the base station mayallocate one or more resources for self-calibration of the base station.For example, as discussed supra, a base station may initiateself-calibration of the base station by allocating resources forself-calibration of the base station. At 1504, the base stationtransmits, to one or more devices, a self-calibration notificationindicating the allocated one or more resources, the one or more devicesincluding at least one UE, or at least one neighboring base station, ora combination thereof. For example, as discussed supra, the base stationmay notify a UE that the base station will perform self-calibration bytransmitting a self-calibration notification to the neighboring basestations. For example, as discussed supra, the base station may notifyneighboring base stations that the base station will performself-calibration by transmitting a self-calibration notification to theneighboring base stations. For example, as discussed supra, theself-calibration notification may indicate a self-calibration to beperformed by the base station and may include an indication to indicatethe allocated resources for self-calibration of the base station. At1506, the base station performs the self-calibration of the base stationbased on the allocated one or more resources. For example, as discussedsupra, the base station performs self-calibration using the allocatedresources.

In an aspect, the base station may perform the self-calibration by:transmitting a reference signal using the allocated one or moreresources, measuring one or more parameters from the transmittedreference signal, and calibrating the base station based on the measuredone or more parameters and based on one or more standard parametersassociated with the reference signal. For example, as discussed supra,the base station may perform self-calibration based on the measuredparameters of the reference signal and standard parameters of thereference signal, where the standard parameters may be ideal parameterswithout error or interference. In an aspect, the reference signalincludes at least one of a demodulation reference signal, a soundingreference signal or a calibration reference signal used for calibration.For example, as discussed supra, the reference signal may include atleast one of a demodulation reference signal, a sounding referencesignal, or a newly-defined calibration reference signal that may be usedfor calibration.

In an aspect, the calibrating the base station is based on a comparisonbetween the measured one or more parameters and the one or more standardparameters. For example, as discussed supra, during theself-calibration, the base station may compare the measured parameterswith the standard parameters, and calibrate the base station accordingto the comparison (e.g., by calibrating the base station to have themeasured parameters match closely with the standard parameters, withincertain error tolerances). In an aspect, the one or more parametersinclude at least one of an amplitude or a phase. For example, asdiscussed supra, the parameters may include an amplitude and/or a phase.For example, as discussed supra, the base station may measure anamplitude and a phase received by the RX chain of the transmittedreference signal, and compare the measured amplitude and the measuredphase with a standard amplitude and a standard phase, respectively, tocalibrate the base station.

In an aspect, the one or more resources include a plurality of transmitresources, and one or more of the plurality of transmit resources areeach used for transmission of the reference signal based on a predefinedpattern. For example, as discussed supra, the base station may utilizeone or more of the allocated resources to transmit a reference signalbased on a predefined pattern.

In an aspect, at 1508, the base station may transmit, to the one or moredevices, an additional resource indication indicating one or moreadditional resources allocated for the self-calibration of the basestation. For example, as discussed supra, the base station may need moreresources (e.g., a longer time) for self-calibration than the allocatedresources for self-calibration of the base station that were indicatedto neighboring base stations (e.g., via a resource allocationindication), base station may send an additional resource allocationindication to the neighboring base station.

In an aspect, at 1510, the base station refrains from transmitting theself-calibration notification to one or more second devices if thesecond devices are not located in a region corresponding to thedirection of a beam used for the self-calibration. In such an aspect,the self-calibration notification is transmitted to the one or moredevices if the one or more devices are located in a region correspondingto a direction of a beam used for the self-calibration. For example, asdiscussed supra, if a device is located in a region corresponding to adirection of base station's beam that is used for self-calibration, thebase station may determine to transmit the self-calibration notificationto the device. For example, as discussed supra, if a device is notlocated in the region corresponding to the direction of the basestation's beam that is used for self-calibration, then the base stationmay refrain from transmitting the self-calibration notification to thedevice.

FIG. 16 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1600 illustrating the dataflow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 1602.The apparatus includes a reception component 1604, a transmissioncomponent 1606, a local operation management component 1608, a resourcemanagement component 1610, and an adjustment management component 1612.

According to one aspect, the apparatus may be a UE, where the UE mayperform a local operation of the UE. The local operation managementcomponent 1608 transmits, via the transmission component 1606, a localoperation notification to a base station 1630, at 1652 and 1654, thelocal operation notification indicating a local operation that is localto the UE. In an aspect, the local operation notification may betransmitted via at least one of a MAC control element or physical layersignaling. The resource management component 1610 may transmit, via thetransmission component 1606, a resource request to request a predefinedamount of transmit resources, at 1656 and 1654. In an aspect, theresource request may be included in the local operation notification. Inan aspect, the resource request may include a number of antenna elementsof the UE.

The resource management component 1610 may receive, from the basestation 1630 via the reception component 1604, a resource indicatorindicating one or more resources for a local operation, at 1658 and1660. In an aspect, the resource indicator may be received via DCI. Inan aspect, the one or more resources may include a plurality of transmitresources, and the plurality of transmit resources may be used to formone or more beam patterns for performing the local operation. In anaspect, the resource indicator may be based on the resource request. Theresource management component 1610 may forward information about theresource indicator to the local operation management component 1608, at1662.

The local operation management component 1608 performs the localoperation using the one or more resources (e.g., via the transmissioncomponent 1606 and the reception component 1604 at 1652 and 1664). In anaspect, the local operation management component 1608 performs the localoperation by: transmitting a reference signal using the one or moreresources (e.g., via the transmission component 1606 at 1652),determining one or more parameters based on the transmitted referencesignal (e.g., via the reception component 1604 and the local operationmanagement component 1608 at 1664), performing the local operation basedon the determined one or more parameters (e.g., via the local operationmanagement component 1608).

In an aspect, the local operation may be self-calibration of the UE. Insuch an aspect, the local operation management component 1608 maydetermine the one or more parameters by measuring the one or moreparameters from the transmitted reference signal, where the localoperation may be performed based on the one or more parameters and basedon one or more standard parameters. In such an aspect, the one or moreparameters may include at least one of an amplitude or a phase. In anaspect, the reference signal includes at least one of a demodulationreference signal, a sounding reference signal or a calibration referencesignal used for calibration. In an aspect, the calibrating the UE isbased on a comparison between the measured one or more parameters andthe one or more standard parameters.

In an aspect, the local operation may be transmission blockagedetection. In such an aspect, the local operation management component1608 may determine the one or more parameters by: receiving a reflectedsignal of the transmitted reference signal (e.g., via the receptioncomponent 1604 and the local operation management component 1608 at1664), and determining a signal strength of the reflected signal and around-trip time of the reference signal based on a time of thetransmission of the reference signal and a time of the reception of thereflected signal, where the one or more parameters include the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time of thereference signal. In such an aspect, the local operation (e.g., thetransmission blockage detection) may be performed based on the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time of thereference signal. In such an aspect, the local operation managementcomponent 1608 may perform the local operation by: determining whether atransmission path is blocked by an object based on the signal strengthof the reflected signal and the round-trip time of the reference signal,and determining a type of object blocking the transmission path based onthe signal strength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time ofthe reference signal if the transmission path is blocked.

In a case where the local operation is transmission blockage detection,the local operation management component 1608 determines whether thetransmission path is blocked. If the transmission path is blocked, thelocal operation management component 1608 determines whether the type ofthe object blocking the transmission path is a human tissue type. Thelocal operation management component 1608 may forward results from thetransmission blockage detection to the transmission component 1606, at1652. If the transmission path is not blocked or the type of the objectblocking the transmission path is not the human tissue type, thetransmission component 1606 utilizes the transmission path for signaltransmission. If the type of the object blocking the transmission pathis the human tissue type, the transmission component 1606 refrains fromtransmitting a signal on the transmission path.

In an aspect, the transmission component 1606 may select a secondtransmission path that is not blocked by the object. At 1112, thetransmission component 1606 may utilize the second transmission path forsignal transmission.

In an aspect, the transmission component 1606 may transmit, to the basestation 1630, a blockage notification indicating the blockage via thetransmission path if the type of the object blocking the transmissionpath is a human tissue type, at 1654.

In an aspect, the one or more resources include a plurality of transmitresources, and one or more of the plurality of transmit resources areeach used for transmission of the reference signal based on a predefinedpattern. In such an aspect, the predefined pattern is received from thebase station.

The resource management component 1610 may transmit, via thetransmission component 1606, an additional resource request requestingan additional transmit resource in addition to the predefined amount oftransmit resources if the predefined amount of transmit resources is notsufficient for the local operation, at 1656 and 1654. The localoperation management component 1608 may communicate to the resourcemanagement component 1610 the need for an additional transmit resource,at 1662.

According to another aspect, the apparatus may be a UE or a neighboringbase station, where the apparatus may manage the apparatus based onself-calibration of a base station. The resource management component1610 receives, from the base station 1630 via the reception component1604, a self-calibration notification indicating one or more resourcesallocated for a self-calibration of the base station 1630, at 1658 and1660. The resource management component 1610 may forward the informationabout the one or more allocated resources to the adjustment managementcomponent 1612, at 1666. The resource management component 1610performs, in response to the self-calibration notification, at least oneof deactivating (e.g., via the adjustment management component 1612) atleast one component of the apparatus based on the one or more allocatedresources or adjusting utilization of the one or more allocatedresources allocated for the self-calibration of the base station. In anaspect, the apparatus performs the at least one of the deactivating theat least one component of the apparatus or adjusting the utilization ofthe one or more allocated resources by performing the at least one ofthe deactivating the at least one component of the apparatus or therefraining from utilizing the one or more resources during a time periodcorresponding to the one or more allocated resources. In such an aspect,the apparatus may deactivate the at least one component of the apparatusby entering a sleep mode of the apparatus during the time period. In anaspect, the adjustment management component 1612 may adjust theutilization of the one or more allocated resources by: determining oneor more UEs that are served by the apparatus and are within acommunication range of the base station 1630, and refraining fromassigning the one or more allocated resources to the one or more UEs. Inan aspect, the adjustment management component 1612 may adjust theutilization of the one or more allocated resources by: refraining fromutilizing the one or more allocated resources for communication of theapparatus.

The resource management component 1610 receives, from the base station1630 via the reception component 1604, an additional resource indicationindicating one or more additional resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station 1630, at 1658 and 1660. Theresource management component 1610 may forward the information about theone or more additional resources to the adjustment management component1612, at 1666. The resource management component 1610 may perform (e.g.,via the adjustment management component 1612) at least one of thedeactivating the at least one component of the UE or adjustingutilization of the one or more additional resources for an additionaltime period corresponding to the one or more additional resources

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 10-12.As such, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 10-12 maybe performed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more ofthose components. The components may be one or more hardware componentsspecifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm,implemented by a processor configured to perform the statedprocesses/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium forimplementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 17 is a diagram 1700 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1602′ employing a processing system1714. The processing system 1714 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1724. The bus 1724 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1714 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1724 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware components, representedby the processor 1704, the components 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, 1612, andthe computer-readable medium/memory 1706. The bus 1724 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1714 may be coupled to a transceiver 1710. Thetransceiver 1710 is coupled to one or more antennas 1720. Thetransceiver 1710 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1710 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1720, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1714, specifically the reception component 1604. Inaddition, the transceiver 1710 receives information from the processingsystem 1714, specifically the transmission component 1606, and based onthe received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1720. The processing system 1714 includes a processor 1704coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1706. The processor 1704 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1706. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 1704, causes the processing system 1714 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 1706 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 1704 when executingsoftware. The processing system 1714 further includes at least one ofthe components 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, 1612. The components may besoftware components running in the processor 1704, resident/stored inthe computer readable medium/memory 1706, one or more hardwarecomponents coupled to the processor 1704, or some combination thereof.The processing system 1714 may be a component of the UE 350 and mayinclude the memory 360 and/or at least one of the TX processor 368, theRX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1602/1602′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for transmitting a local operationnotification to a base station, the local operation notificationindicating a local operation that is local to the apparatus 1602/1602′,means for receiving, from the base station, a resource indicatorindicating one or more resources for a local operation, and means forperforming the local operation using the one or more resources. In anaspect, the means for performing the local operation is configured to:transmit a reference signal using the one or more resources, determineone or more parameters based on the transmitted reference signal,perform the local operation based on the determined one or moreparameters.

In an aspect where the local operation is self-calibration of theapparatus 1602/1602′, the means for determining the one or moreparameters is configured to: measure the one or more parameters from thetransmitted reference signal, where the local operation is performedbased on the one or more parameters and based on one or more standardparameters.

In an aspect where the local operation is transmission blockagedetection, the means for determining the one or more parameters isconfigured to: receive a reflected signal of the transmitted referencesignal, and determine a signal strength of the reflected signal and around-trip time of the reference signal based on a time of thetransmission of the reference signal and a time of the reception of thereflected signal, where the one or more parameters include the signalstrength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time of thereference signal and the local operation is performed based on thesignal strength of the reflected signal and the round-trip time of thereference signal. In such an aspect, the means for performing the localoperation is configured to: whether a transmission path is blocked by anobject based on the signal strength of the reflected signal and theround-trip time of the reference signal, or determine a type of theobject blocking the transmission path based on the signal strength ofthe reflected signal and the round-trip time of the reference signal ifthe transmission path is blocked. In such an aspect, apparatus1602/1602′ may further include means for refraining from transmitting asignal on via the transmission path if the type of the object blockingthe transmission path is a human tissue type, and means for utilizingthe transmission path for signal transmission if the transmission pathis not blocked or if the type of the object blocking the transmissionpath is not the human tissue type. In such an aspect, apparatus1602/1602′ may further include means for selecting a second transmissionpath that is not blocked by the object, and means for utilizing thesecond transmission path for signal transmission. In such an aspect,apparatus 1602/1602′ may further include means for transmitting, to thebase station, a blockage notification indicating the blockage on via thetransmission path if the type of the object blocking the transmissionpath is a human tissue type.

In an aspect, the apparatus 1602/1602′ further comprises means fortransmitting a resource request to request a predefined amount oftransmit resources, where the resource indicator is based on theresource request. In an aspect, the apparatus 1602/1602′ furthercomprises means for transmitting an additional resource requestrequesting an additional transmit resource in addition to the predefinedamount of transmit resources if the predefined amount of transmitresources is not sufficient for the local operation.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1602/1602′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for receiving, from a base station, aself-calibration notification indicating one or more resources allocatedfor a self-calibration of the base station, means for performing, inresponse to the self-calibration notification, at least one ofdeactivating at least one component of the apparatus 1602/1602′ based onthe one or more allocated resources or adjusting utilization of the oneor more allocated resources allocated for the self-calibration of thebase station. In an aspect, the means for deactivating the at least onecomponent of the apparatus 1602/1602′ is configured to: enter a sleepmode of the apparatus 1602/1602′ during the time period. In an aspect,the means for performing the adjusting utilization of the one or moreallocated resources allocated for the self-calibration of the basestation may be configured to: determine one or more UEs that are servedby the apparatus 1602/1602′ and are within a communication range of thebase station, and refrain from assigning the one or more allocatedresources to the one or more UEs. In an aspect, the means for performingthe adjusting utilization of the one or more allocated resourcesallocated for the self-calibration of the base station may be configuredto: refrain from utilizing the one or more allocated resources forcommunication of the device. In an aspect, the apparatus 1602/1602′further includes means for receiving, from the base station, anadditional resource indication indicating one or more additionalresources allocated for the self-calibration of the base station, andmeans for performing at least one of the deactivating the at least onecomponent of the UE or adjusting utilization of the one or moreadditional resources for an additional time period corresponding to theone or more additional resources.

The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementionedcomponents of the apparatus 1602 and/or the processing system 1714 ofthe apparatus 1602′ configured to perform the functions recited by theaforementioned means. As described supra, the processing system 1714 mayinclude the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and thecontroller/processor 359. As such, in one configuration, theaforementioned means may be the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356,and the controller/processor 359 configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means.

FIG. 18 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1800 illustrating the dataflow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 1802.The apparatus may be a base station. The apparatus includes a receptioncomponent 1804, a transmission component 1806, an operation managementcomponent 1808, a resource management component 1810, and a groupmanagement component 1812.

According to one aspect of the disclosure, the base station may allocateresources for a UE to perform one or more local operations of the UE.The operation management component 1808 may receive, via the receptioncomponent 1804, one or more local operation notifications from the oneor more UEs (e.g., UE 1830), each of the one or more local operationnotifications indicating a local operation that is local to a respectiveUE of the one or more UE, where each of the one or more local operationnotifications is received from a respective UE of the one or more UEs,at 1852 and 1854. The resource management component 1810 receive, viathe reception component 1804, a resource request from at least one UE ofthe one or more UEs, the resource request indicating a request for apredefined amount of transmit resources, at 1852 and 1856. In an aspect,the resource request may be included in a local operation notificationof the one or more local operation notifications. In an aspect, theresource request may include a number of antenna elements of the atleast one UE. In an aspect, the operation management component 1808 mayforward the one or more local operation notifications to the resourcemanagement component 1810, at 1858.

The resource management component 1810 allocates one or more resourcesfor one or more local operations of one or more UEs. In an aspect, theone or more resources may be allocated in response to the one or morelocal operation notifications. In an aspect, the allocation of the oneor more resources may be based on the resource request. In an aspect,the one or more local operations may include at least one ofself-calibration or transmission blockage detection.

The resource management component 1810 determines one or more resourceindicators indicating the one or more resources.

In an aspect, the group management component 1812 may determine aplurality of regions surrounding the base station. The group managementcomponent 1812 may associate each of the one or more UEs with arespective region of the plurality of regions (e.g., based oninformation received via the reception component 1804 at 1860). Thegroup management component 1812 may forward, to the resource managementcomponent 1810, information about the association of each of the one ormore UEs with a respective region of the plurality of regions, at 1862.In an aspect, the one or more resource indicators may be determined bythe resource management component 1810 based on the association.

In an aspect, the one or more resource indicators may include a firstindicator for a first resource and a second indicator for a secondresource, and if a first UE of the one or more UEs is associated with asame region of the plurality of regions as a second UE of the one ormore UEs, the first indicator and the second indicator may betransmitted to the first UE and the second UE, respectively. In anaspect, if a first UE and a second UE of the one or more UEs areassociated with different regions of the plurality of regions, a firstindicator of the one or more resource indicators is transmitted to thefirst UE and a second indicator of the one or more resource indicatorsis transmitted the second UE, each of the first indicator and the secondindicator indicating a same resource. In an aspect, the association maybe based on a location of each of the one or more UEs.

The resource management component 1810 transmits, via the transmissioncomponent 1806, the one or more resource indicators to the one or moreUEs (e.g., the UE 1830), at 1864 and 1866. In an aspect, the one or moreresource indicators may include a first indicator for a first resourceand a second indicator for a second resource, and if a first UE of theone or more UEs is within a signal interference zone of a second UE ofthe one or more UEs, the first indicator and the second indicator aretransmitted to the first UE and the second UE, respectively. In anaspect, each of the one or more resource indicators is transmitted viaDCI. In an aspect, the one or more resource indicators indicate one ormore subcarriers available for the one or more local operations. In suchan aspect, the one or more resource indicators further indicate one ormore second subcarriers available for transmission of a signal unrelatedto the one or more local operations. In such an aspect, the one or moresubcarriers may be within subframes for RACH signaling. In such anaspect, information about the one or more second subcarriers are may betransmitted via a SIB.

The resource management component 1810 may transmit, via thetransmission component 1806, a pattern for utilizing the one or moreresources at the one or more UEs, at 1864 and 1866. The resourcemanagement component 1810 may receive, via a reception component 1804,an additional resource request from the at least one UE (e.g., the UE1830), at 1852 and 1856, if the predefined amount of resources is notsufficient for a local operation of the at least one UE, the additionalresource request indicating a request for an additional transmitresource in addition to the predefined amount of transmit resources.

In another aspect of the disclosure, the base station may determine toperform self-calibration of the base station, and thus may send the UEinformation about resources for the self-calibration of the basestation. The operation management component 1808 determines to performself-calibration of the base station, and may inform the resourcemanagement component 1810 about the determination, at 1858. The resourcemanagement component 1810 allocates one or more resources for theself-calibration of the base station. The resource management component1810 transmits via the transmission component 1806 a self-calibrationnotification indicating the allocated one or more resources, to one ormore devices such as UEs (e.g., UE 1830) at 1864 and 1866 and/or to oneor more neighboring base stations (e.g., neighboring base station 1840)at 1864 and 1867. In an aspect, the neighboring base station 1840 maytransmit information to the base station via the reception component1804 at 1853.

The resource management component 1810 may forward information about theallocated one or more resources to the operation management component1808, at 1858. The operation management component 1808 performs theself-calibration of the base station based on the allocated one or moreresources.

In an aspect, the base station may perform the self-calibration by:transmitting a reference signal using the allocated one or moreresources, measuring one or more parameters from the transmittedreference signal, and calibrating the base station based on the measuredone or more parameters and based on one or more standard parameters. Inan aspect, the reference signal includes at least one of a demodulationreference signal, a sounding reference signal or a calibration referencesignal used for calibration. In an aspect, the calibrating the basestation is based on a comparison between the measured one or moreparameters and the one or more standard parameters. In an aspect, theone or more parameters include at least one of an amplitude or a phase.In an aspect, the one or more resources include a plurality of transmitresources, and one or more of the plurality of transmit resources areeach used for transmission of the reference signal based on a predefinedpattern.

In an aspect, the resource management component 1810 may transmit viathe transmission component 1806 an additional resource indicationindicating one or more additional resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station, to one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1830)at 1864 and 1866 and/or to one or more neighboring base stations (e.g.,neighboring base station 1840) at 1864 and 1867.

In an aspect, the operation management component 1808 may refrains fromtransmitting the self-calibration notification to one or more seconddevices (e.g., second UE and/or second base station) if the seconddevices are not located in the region corresponding to the direction ofthe beam used for the self-calibration. In such an aspect, theself-calibration notification is transmitted to the one or more devices(e.g., UE 1830 and/or neighboring base station 1840) if the one or moredevices are located in a region corresponding to a direction of a beamused for the self-calibration.

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 13-15.As such, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 13-15 maybe performed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more ofthose components. The components may be one or more hardware componentsspecifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm,implemented by a processor configured to perform the statedprocesses/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium forimplementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 19 is a diagram 1900 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1802′ employing a processing system1914. The processing system 1914 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1924. The bus 1924 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1914 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1924 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware components, representedby the processor 1904, the components 1804, 1806, 1808, 1810, 1812, andthe computer-readable medium/memory 1906. The bus 1924 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1914 may be coupled to a transceiver 1910. Thetransceiver 1910 is coupled to one or more antennas 1920. Thetransceiver 1910 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1910 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1920, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1914, specifically the reception component 1804. Inaddition, the transceiver 1910 receives information from the processingsystem 1914, specifically the transmission component 1806, and based onthe received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1920. The processing system 1914 includes a processor 1904coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1906. The processor 1904 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1906. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 1904, causes the processing system 1914 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 1906 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 1904 when executingsoftware. The processing system 1914 further includes at least one ofthe components 1804, 1806, 1808, 1810, 1812. The components may besoftware components running in the processor 1904, resident/stored inthe computer readable medium/memory 1906, one or more hardwarecomponents coupled to the processor 1904, or some combination thereof.The processing system 1914 may be a component of the eNB 310 and mayinclude the memory 376 and/or at least one of the TX processor 316, theRX processor 370, and the controller/processor 375.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1802/1802′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for allocating one or more resources forone or more local operations of one or more UEs, means for determiningone or more resource indicators indicating the one or more resources,and means for transmitting the one or more resource indicators to theone or more UEs. In an aspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′ further includesmeans for receiving one or more local operation notifications from theone or more UEs, each of the one or more local operation notificationsindicating a local operation that is local to a respective UE of the oneor more UE, where each of the one or more self-calibration notificationsis received from a respective UE of the one or more UEs, wherein the oneor more resources are allocated in response to the one or moreself-calibration notifications. In an aspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′further includes means for determining a plurality of regionssurrounding the apparatus 1802/1802′, and means for associating each ofthe one or more UEs to a respective region of the plurality of regions,where the one or more resource indicators are determined based on theassociation. In an aspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′ further includesmeans for receiving a resource request from at least one UE of the oneor more UEs, the resource request requesting a predefined amount oftransmit resources, where the one or more resources are allocated inresponse to the one or more self-calibration notifications. In such anaspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′ further includes means for receiving anadditional resource request from the at least one UE if the predefinedamount of transmit resources is not sufficient for a local operation ofthe at least one UE, the additional resource request requesting anadditional transmit resource in addition to the predefined amount oftransmit resources. In an aspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′ furtherincludes means for transmitting a pattern for utilizing the one or moreresources at the one or more UEs.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1802/1802′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for allocating one or more resources forself-calibration of the apparatus 1802/1802′, means for transmitting, toone or more devices, a self-calibration notification indicating theallocated one or more resources, and means for performing theself-calibration of the apparatus 1802/1802′ based on the allocated oneor more resources. In an aspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′ may furtherinclude means for transmitting, to the one or more devices, anadditional resource indication indicating one or more additionalresources allocated for the self-calibration of the base station. In anaspect, the apparatus 1802/1802′ may further include means forrefraining from transmitting the self-calibration notification to one ormore second devices if the second devices are not located in a regioncorresponding to the direction of a beam used for the self-calibration.

The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementionedcomponents of the apparatus 1802 and/or the processing system 1914 ofthe apparatus 1802′ configured to perform the functions recited by theaforementioned means. As described supra, the processing system 1914 mayinclude the TX Processor 316, the RX Processor 370, and thecontroller/processor 375. As such, in one configuration, theaforementioned means may be the TX Processor 316, the RX Processor 370,and the controller/processor 375 configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in theprocesses/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplaryapproaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that thespecific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts may berearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in asample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the various aspects described herein. Variousmodifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theaspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistentwith the language claims, wherein reference to an element in thesingular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specificallyso stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used hereinto mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspectdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically statedotherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least oneof A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or anycombination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and mayinclude multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically,combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B,or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and“A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, Aand B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinationsmay contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structuraland functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspectsdescribed throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to beknown to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporatedherein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” andthe like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claimelement is to be construed as a means plus function unless the elementis expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication by a device,comprising: receiving, from a base station, a self-calibrationnotification indicating a self-calibration to be performed by the basestation and one or more resources allocated for [the self-calibration ofthe base station; and performing, by the device, in response to theself-calibration notification, at least one of deactivating at least onecomponent of the device based on the one or more allocated resources oradjusting utilization of the one or more allocated resources allocatedfor the self-calibration of the base station, wherein the deactivatingone component of the device or adjusting utilization of the one or moreallocated resources reduces interference with a reference signaltransmitted during the self-calibration of the base station.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the deactivating the atleast one component of the device or the adjusting the utilization ofthe one or more allocated resources is performed during a time periodcorresponding to the one or more allocated resources.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the deactivating the at least one component of thedevice comprises: entering a sleep mode of the device during the timeperiod.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the utilizationof the one or more allocated resources comprises: determining one ormore UEs that are served by the device and are within a communicationrange of the base station; and refraining from assigning the one or moreallocated resources to the one or more UEs.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the adjusting the utilization of the one or more allocatedresources comprises: refraining from utilizing the one or more allocatedresources for communication of the device.
 6. The method of claim 1,further comprising: receiving, from the base station, an additionalresource indication indicating one or more additional resourcesallocated for the self-calibration of the base station; and continuingto perform at least one of the deactivating the at least one componentof the UE or the adjusting the utilization of the one or more additionalresources for an additional time period corresponding to the one or moreadditional resources.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is auser equipment (UE) or a neighboring base station.
 8. A method ofwireless communication by a base station, comprising: allocating one ormore resources for a self-calibration of the base station; andtransmitting, to one or more devices, a self-calibration notificationindicating the allocated one or more resources, the one or more devicesincluding at least one UE, or at least one neighboring base station, ora combination thereof; and performing the self-calibration of the basestation based on the allocated one or more resources, wherein theperforming the self-calibration comprises: transmitting a referencesignal using the allocated one or more resources; measuring one or moreparameters from the transmitted reference signal; and calibrating thebase station based on the measured one or more parameters and based onone or more standard parameters.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein thereference signal includes at least one of a cell-specific referencesignal, CSI reference signal or a calibration reference signal used forthe self-calibration.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the calibratingthe base station is based on a comparison between the measured one ormore parameters and the one or more standard parameters.
 11. The methodof claim 8, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one ofan amplitude or a phase.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the one ormore resources include a plurality of transmit resources, and whereinone or more of the plurality of transmit resources are used for eachtransmission of the reference signal based on a predefined pattern. 13.The method of claim 8, further comprising: transmitting, to the one ormore devices, an additional resource indication indicating one or moreadditional resources allocated for the self-calibration of the basestation.
 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising: refraining fromtransmitting the self-calibration notification to one or more seconddevices if the second devices are not located in a region correspondingto the direction of a beam used for the self-calibration.
 15. The methodof claim 8, wherein the self-calibration notification is transmitted tothe one or more devices if the one or more devices are located in aregion corresponding to a direction of a beam used for theself-calibration.
 16. A device for wireless communication, comprising: amemory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configuredto: receive, from a base station, a self-calibration notificationindicating a self-calibration to be performed by the base station andone or more resources allocated for the self-calibration of the basestation; and perform, by the device, in response to the self-calibrationnotification, at least one of deactivating at least one component of thedevice based on the one or more allocated resources or adjustingutilization of the one or more allocated resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station, wherein the deactivating onecomponent of the device or adjusting utilization of the one or moreallocated resources reduces interference with a reference signaltransmitted during the self-calibration of the base station.
 17. Thedevice of claim 16, wherein the at least one of the deactivating the atleast one component of the device or the adjusting of the utilization ofthe one or more allocated resources is performed during a time periodcorresponding to the allocated one or more allocated resources.
 18. Thedevice of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor to perform thedeactivating the at least one component of the device is configured to:enter a sleep mode of the device during the time period.
 19. The deviceof claim 16, wherein the at least one processor configured to performthe adjusting the utilization of the one or more allocated resources isconfigured to: determine one or more UEs that are served by the deviceand are within a communication range of the base station; and refrainfrom assigning the one or more allocated resources to the one or moreUEs.
 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the at least one processorconfigured to perform the adjusting the utilization of the one or moreallocated resources is configured to: refrain from utilizing the one ormore allocated resources for communication of the device.
 21. The deviceof claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configuredto: receive, from the base station, an additional resource indicationindicating one or more additional resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station; and perform at least one of thedeactivating the at least one component of the UE or adjustingutilization of the one or more additional resources for an additionaltime period corresponding to the one or more additional resources.
 22. Abase station for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; and atleast one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: allocateone or more resources for a self-calibration of the base station;transmit, to one or more devices, a self-calibration notificationindicating the allocated one or more resources, the one or more devicesincluding at least one UE, or at least one neighboring base station, ora combination thereof; and perform the self-calibration of the basestation based on the allocated one or more resources, wherein the atleast one processor is further configured to: transmit a referencesignal using the allocated one or more resources; measure one or moreparameters from the transmitted reference signal; and calibrate the basestation based on the measured one or more parameters and based on one ormore standard parameters.
 23. The base station of claim 22, wherein thereference signal includes at least one of a demodulation referencesignal, a sounding reference signal or a calibration reference signalused for calibration.
 24. The base station of claim 22, wherein the basestation is calibrated based on a comparison between the measured one ormore parameters and the one or more standard parameters.
 25. The basestation of claim 22, wherein the one or more resources include aplurality of transmit resources, and wherein one or more of theplurality of transmit resources are used for each transmission of thereference signal based on a predefined pattern.
 26. The base station ofclaim 22, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:transmit, to the one or more devices, an additional resource indicationindicating one or more additional resources allocated for theself-calibration of the base station.
 27. The base station of claim 22,wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: refrainingfrom transmitting the self-calibration notification to one or moresecond devices if the second devices are not located in a regioncorresponding to the direction of a beam used for the self-calibration.28. The base station of claim 22, wherein the self-calibrationnotification is transmitted to the one or more devices if the one ormore devices are located in a region corresponding to a direction of abeam used for the self-calibration.